Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, Pemeriksaan Pajak, dan Pemungutan Pajak terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Badan

ABSTRACT Taxes play a crucial role in the life of the state, especially in the implementation of state’s development because taxes are the main source of state income. For this reason, the realization of the tax revenue target must be achieved. Therefore, a study to identify factors which can influence tax revenue is important to conduct. This study aims to examine the effect of three factors (taxpayer’s compliance, tax audit and tax collection) toward corporate income tax revenue. This study uses secondary data obtained from Tax Office Jakarta Sawah Besar Satu with a time span of 2015-2019. This research is conducted by using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The result of this study reveals that taxpayer’s compliance and tax collection have a significant and positive effect on corporate income tax revenue, while tax audits have no significant effect on corporate income tax revenue at Tax Office Jakarta Sawah Besar Satu. ABSTRAK Pajak memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan bernegara terutama dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan negara karena pajak merupakan sumber utama pendapatan. Untuk itu, realisasi target pendapatan pajak harus dapat tercapai. Oleh karena itu, penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pendapatan pajak penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh tiga faktor (kepatuhan wajib pajak, pemeriksaan pajak dan pemungutan pajak) terhadap pendapatan pajak penghasilan badan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Sawah Besar Satu dengan rentang waktu 2015-2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kepatuhan wajib pajak dan penagihan pajak berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap pendapatan pajak penghasilan badan, sedangkan pemeriksaan pajak tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan pajak penghasilan badan pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Sawah Besar Satu

Corporate income tax gap estimation in the context of development of fiscal space

The article is devoted to the analysis of the corporate income tax gap as one of the indicators that characterizes the tax revenues that a country can accumulate accounting for its economic potential. The author summarizes the main theoretical views on the causes of the tax gap and investigates existing methodological approaches to assess the tax gap on corporate income tax in OECD countries. The article estimates the income tax gap under the OECD Revenue Administration - Gap Analysis Program, which is based on determining potential tax revenues by adjusting the aggregate indicators of the system of national accounts (gross output, mixed income), which, according to the analysis, averaged at 1.4% GDP in the period 2017-2019, which shows a potential for the development of the fiscal space of Ukraine. Upon analysis of the distribution of the tax gap between institutional sectors of the economy, the largest gap in income tax was found in the sector of foreign corporations whose potential tax revenues were estimated as tripled relative to the declared tax revenues accrued in the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine in 2018. The author conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of corporate income tax in Ukraine on the basis of tax efforts and budget efficiency ratios, which revealed significant weaknesses in comparison with similar indicators in other countries. The main measures aimed at eliminating tax gaps in OECD countries are summed up and recommendations are made for Ukraine.

The Impact of Corporate Income Tax on Capital Structure: Evidence from Serbian Food Industry

Research Question: The aim of this paper is to present the effect of corporate income tax on capital structure in the food industry of the Republic of Serbia. Motivation: Based on the empirical results of Moradi & Paulet (2018) and Kuc & Kalicanin (2021), the author's aim of the research conducted in this paper is to analyse the impact of corporate income tax on the capital structure in the Republic of Serbia as a developing country with an underdeveloped capital market and to support the results of this sporadically researched area of corporate finance in the Republic of Serbia. Idea: The author believes that by determining the optimal capital structure, it could be possible to reduce the burden of corporate income tax. Given that the food industry is one of the most significant and profitable industries in the Republic of Serbia, the results of this theoretical and empirical research would be of a great benefit to the local Tax Authority and to large taxpayers. Data: The research was conducted on a sample of 250 most active companies that operated within the food industry of the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2017 to 2019. The source of data for the purposes of this research are the official financial reports of companies registered with the Serbian Business Registers Agency. Tools: Elemental descriptive statistics techniques and panel regression analysis were applied throughout the data analysis. For the purpose of data processing the author used STATA statistical software. Findings: The results confirmed the existence of a negative and statistically significant relationship between tax savings based on depreciation costs and profitability on the one hand, and capital structure, on the other. Thus, the results indicate the need of profitable companies to use high depreciation costs to provide a reduced burden of corporate income tax with a capital structure shifted to accumulated own financial resources. In addition, the results of the regression model showed the absence of a statistically significant effect of tax savings based on interest costs on capital structure. Contribution: The contribution of this paper is reflected in additional support to existing discussions on impact of corporate income taxes on capital structure. Further, the paper contributes to business practice by determining how corporate income tax burden could be reduced by choosing optimal financial mix.

Tax Administration versus Tax Rates: Evidence from Corporate Taxation in Indonesia

We compare two approaches to increasing tax revenue: tax administration and tax rates. We show that when Indonesia moved top regional firms into “medium taxpayer offices,” with high staff-to-taxpayer ratios, tax revenue more than doubled. Examining nonlinear changes to corporate income tax rates, we estimate an elasticity of taxable income of 0.579. Combining these estimates, improved tax administration is equivalent to raising top rates on all firms by 8 percentage points. On net, improved tax administration can have significant returns for developing countries. (JEL H25, H26, K34, O17)

MENGUAK EFEK PENURUNAN TARIF PAJAK PENGHASILAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

This article explains the effect of lowering income tax rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The government's role in maintaining economic stability is carried out by issuing fiscal policies, in terms of taxation, namely by reducing the Corporate Income Tax rate. This research intends to find out the results of a decrease in corporate income tax rates affecting a decrease in current taxes deposited into the state treasury, a decrease in the total income tax burden, and recording in the income statement financial statements. The informants of this research are members of the Tax Rules Update Forum. This type of qualitative research uses a netnography approach. The reduction in current taxes deposited into the state treasury benefits the company by minimizing the costs incurred for the obligation to deposit state taxes. Companies that have deferred tax liabilities receive deferred tax benefits recorded in the balance sheet account, so the total income tax expense has decreased. In recording the income statement, the company has deferred tax assets adding to the deferred tax expense. Deferred tax expense in profit or loss account.

The detection of earnings management through a decrease of corporate income tax

This paper explores the manner in which Dutch and German listed companies were able to manage earnings by the decline in corporate income tax toward the end of the 2000s. In addition, a recent article examines the existing state of earnings management at a European level in the Netherlands and Germany. This empirical study sampled 1350 firm-years for the Netherlands and 1850 firm-years for Germany between 2000 and 2018. The study indicated that those firms with larger prospect tax savings appeared to exercise earnings management to hasten discretionary accruals. In view of the income-reducing impact these discretionary deductions have on financial statements, the findings show corporate income taxes are a significant incentive. Since companies can reduce tax costs by deferring income tax to a subsequent year and lower the tax tariff cycle, theoretically, this tax reform incentivizes management to manage their earnings with the purpose of minimize tax payments. More research is needed into the impact of tax compliance on declining earnings management in this area.

Liquidity, Profitability and Operational Costs on Corporate Income Tax

Tax revenue is the largest source of income for the Indonesian state. One of the contributors to state revenue from the tax sector is corporate income tax. Financial performance is one measure of the success of a business entity which is expected to increase revenue from corporate income tax. This study aims to determine the effect of financial performance using variable liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and operating costs on corporate income tax. The data used is secondary data, namely annual financial report data from large trading sub-sector companies (wholesale) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that partially profitability and operating costs have an effect on corporate income tax, while liquidity has no effect on corporate income tax. Simultaneously, liquidity, profitability and operating costs affect corporate income tax. Based on the results obtained that the ratio that affects corporate income tax is profitability and operating costs, so as an implication the internal party/management must be careful with the information presented in the financial statements which will have a negative impact on the users of financial statements, especially on operating costs.