African-American Prostate Normal and Cancer Cells for Health Disparities Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Nicolas ◽  
Geeta Upadhyay ◽  
Alfredo Velena ◽  
Bhaskar Kallakury ◽  
Johng S. Rhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Cancer Cells

Social determinants of health affecting treatment of pediatric brain tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Jillian M. Berkman ◽  
Jonathan Dallas ◽  
Jaims Lim ◽  
Ritwik Bhatia ◽  
Amber Gaulden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cns Tumor ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Caucasian Patients

OBJECTIVELittle is understood about the role that health disparities play in the treatment and management of brain tumors in children. The purpose of this study was to determine if health disparities impact the timing of initial and follow-up care of patients, as well as overall survival.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) previously diagnosed with, and initially treated for, a primary CNS tumor between 2005 and 2012 at Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt. Primary outcomes included time from symptom presentation to initial neurosurgery consultation and percentage of missed follow-up visits for ancillary or core services (defined as no-show visits). Core services were defined as healthcare interactions directly involved with CNS tumor management, whereas ancillary services were appointments that might be related to overall care of the patient but not directly focused on treatment of the tumor. Statistical analysis included Pearson’s chi-square test, nonparametric univariable tests, and multivariable linear regression. Statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.05.RESULTSThe analysis included 198 patients. The median time from symptom onset to initial presentation was 30.0 days. A mean of 7.45% of all core visits were missed. When comparing African American and Caucasian patients, there was no significant difference in age at diagnosis, timing of initial symptoms, or tumor grade. African American patients missed significantly more core visits than Caucasian patients (p = 0.007); this became even more significant when controlling for other factors in the multivariable analysis (p < 0.001). African American patients were more likely to have public insurance, while Caucasian patients were more likely to have private insurance (p = 0.025). When evaluating survival, no health disparities were identified.CONCLUSIONSNo significant health disparities were identified when evaluating the timing of presentation and survival. A racial disparity was noted when evaluating missed follow-up visits. Future work should focus on identifying reasons for differences and whether social determinants of health affect other aspects of treatment.

Differences in Smoking Topography and Subjective Responses to Smoking Among African American and White Menthol and Non-Menthol Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1718-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Gunawan ◽  
Laura M Juliano
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Smoking Topography

Abstract Introduction It has been suggested that menthol increases exposure to harmful elements of smoking and makes smoking more rewarding, easier to initiate, and harder to quit. Isolating the direct effects of menthol is challenging as African American (AA) race and menthol preference are highly overlapping. This study evaluated smoking behavior and subjective responses among a balanced sample of AA and white menthol and non-menthol smokers. In addition, smoking topography (ST) was compared to naturalistic smoking (NS) and interactions with menthol and race were explored. Aims and Methods Smokers (N = 100) smoked and rated their preferred brand of cigarettes via ST or NS during two laboratory visits (counterbalanced). Results Controlling for baseline differences among the groups (eg, nicotine dependence), menthol smokers took shorter and smaller puffs and AA smokers took longer puffs, but there were no differences in total puff volume, carbon monoxide, or other ST parameters. Menthol smokers reported greater urge reduction and lower sensory stimulation. The smoking method (ST vs. NS) had no effects on smoking behavior or exposure. Cigarettes smoked via ST were rated stronger. Differences in satisfaction based on the smoking method interacted with race and menthol status. Ratings of aversion differed by race and menthol status. Conclusions Menthol was not associated with increased smoke exposure or reward (except for urge reduction). ST caused minimal experimental reactivity relative to NS. Additional research that isolates the effects of menthol and examines potential interactive effects with race and other variables is needed to better understand its role in smoking-related health disparities. Implications Menthol and non-menthol smokers differed on some demographic variables and menthol preference was associated with greater nicotine dependence and greater urge reduction after smoking. Menthol was not associated with greater smoke exposure. Future research that investigates the unique risks associated with menthol and examines potential interactive effects with race and other related variables is warranted to better understand the role of menthol in smoking-related health disparities.

Abstract 1338: Exosome secretion promotes proliferation of African American prostate cancer cells under hypoxia: Role of HIF2A and RAB signaling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gatikrushna Panigrahi ◽  
Taylor C. Peak ◽  
Sierra L. Patterson ◽  
Nicole Kasica ◽  
Ravi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract A30: African American pastors' perspectives on their role in addressing health disparities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Pirkey ◽  
Brook E. Harmon ◽  
Emma Draluck ◽  
Christine E. Blake ◽  
James R. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
African American Pastors

Increasing Community Capacity to Reduce Tobacco-Related Health Disparities in African American Communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela R. Jones ◽  
Catherine M. Waters ◽  
Roberta K. Oka ◽  
Eva M. McGhee
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Community Capacity ◽  
African American Communities
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