A Voice in the Development of Amazonia: The Constitutional Rights to Participation of Indigenous Peoples

Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Tigre ◽  
Sarah C. Slinger
2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Eliane O'Dwyer

Whether within the academy or without, fieldwork is the crux of anthropological experience. This has become clear as anthropologists in Brazil become more involved in the production of expert reports as part of the professional practice of anthropology. Once conceived of as an "exercise in applied anthropology, marginal in relation to proper scientific work" (L'Estoile, Neiburg and Sigaud 2000: 237), anthropological expert reports are a form of intervention outside the academic sphere that is, unfortunately, often associated with the production of a 'lesser knowledge'. In face of the increasing mobilization of civil society and the formation of representative movements of indigenous peoples, of quilombos, (the descendents of runaway slave communities in Brazil), and of other social groups, the demand for specialists in anthropology has emerged in institutions slated to defend the rights of minorities and of Brazilian citizens at large. Brazil's Attorney General's Office (Ministério Público Federal—MPF) and other administrative agencies stand foremost in handling state policies that legitimate their status and administer this due recognition in exercising their constitutional rights.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Verlia Kristiani ◽  
Ahmad Redi

Decision of the Constitutional Court brought steps to restore conditions of violation of constitutional rights. However, concrete procedures will result in the loss of the voting rights. Especially in vulnerable groups, such as indigenous peoples. The de jure dimension of suffrage and quality update are the embodiment of universal suffrage, the right to vote, the secret vote and the selection honestly. Then, the quality of the implementation of the election of regional heads is important, because the implementation of the elections can also have implications for the confidence of citizens or elections in democratic elections. Based on the explanation, the problem is how the effect of the Constitutional Court decision No. 20/PUU-XVII/2019 on the implementation of regional head election year 2020. This writing is normative legal research and is analytical descriptive. This writing analyzes the binding decision of the Constitutional Court, so that it impacts on various aspects. Therefore, description of the impact on social, political, legal aspects and so on is interrelated and part of the holding of the Regional Head Election. If the use of an electronic KTP or an electronic KTP recording certificate is applied to the Regional Head Election 2020, then it must be held in accordance with the election is carried out directly, publicly, freely, confidentially and fairly in the process of preparing for implementation and impacts on every aspect become the basis for the consideration of the holding of a Regional Head Election. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi membawa langkah untuk berupaya memulihkan kondisi pelanggaran hak konstitusional. Namun, secara nyata prosedur tersebut akan menimbulkan kehilangan hak pilihnya. Terutama pada golongan rentan, seperti terjadi masyarakat adat. Secara de jure dimensi hak pilih dan pemutakhiran berkualitas adalah perwujudan terhadap hak pilih universal, hak untuk memilih, pemungutan suara yang rahasia dan pemilihan secara jujur. Kemudian, kualitas pelaksanaan pemilihan Gubernur, dan Bupati dan Walikota (selanjutnya disebut Pilkada) merupakan hal penting, karena pelaksanaan Pilkada dapat berimplikasi juga terhadap kepercayaan warga negara atau pemilih pada tahapan pemilu yang demokratis. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka permasalahan yaitu bagaimana dampak putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XVII/2019 terhadap penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun 2020? Penulisan ini merupakan pendekatan hukum normatif dengan cara melakukan penelaahan studi kepustakaan, jurnal-jurnal, atau berbagai materi dengan penulisan tersebut hukum normatif dan bersifat deskriptif analitis, sedangkan data sekunder dapat dari studi pustaka dan bahan tersier yaitu wawancara dan lain-lain. Penulisan ini menganalisis putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang mengikat, sehingga berdampak pada berbagai aspek. Dengan demikian, uraian-uraian dampak pada aspek sosial, politik, hukum dan sebagainya merupakan saling berkaitan dan bagian dari penyelenggaran Pilkada. Jika penggunaan KTP elektronik atau surat keterangan perekaman KTP elektronik diberlakukan pada Pilkada 2020, maka harus diselenggarakan sesuai pemilihan dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia dan jujur adil dalam proses mempersiapkan penyelengaraan dan dampak-dampak pada setiap aspek menjadi dasar pertimbangan penyelenggaraan Pilkada nya.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Valeria Vegh Weis

This paper offers critical analytical tools to progress the development of a critical green southern criminology. Using Argentina as a case study, the article develops the notion of criminal selectivity to expose the biased functioning of the criminal justice system. The article explores how crime control is used to the detriment of Indigenous peoples, despite the fact that their protests do not produce significant social harm and are framed within constitutional rights. Conversely, the study exposes how the criminal justice system is not used to prosecute green harms perpetrated by corporations or the unlawful use of force against native peoples by law enforcement agencies, despite the harm of those behaviours on the environment and communities. The article exposes how the Argentinean criminal justice system targets the most vulnerable peoples while failing to provide environmental protections, and is an indicator of the bias within criminal justice systems in the Global South.


Author(s):  
Waluyo Waluyo ◽  
I Nyoman Nurjaya ◽  
Herman Suryokumoro ◽  
Shinta Hadiyantina

The holding of General Elections, including the election of members of the Regional Representative Council in parts of Papua, has its own character because its implementation is different from the general election. If all this time we only know that, the implementation of the General Election is carried out in a "direct, general, free and secret manner", then there are some areas in Papua that still use the general election with the noken/tie system. This is because the culture of indigenous peoples in the Papua region in terms of decision-making concerning common interests is carried out through deliberation meetings involving members of the community as a whole or certain people ("Men with authority" or "The Big Man") only as representatives to take a decision. This is also corroborated by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 47-81 / PHPU.A-VII / 2009 which basically states that they do not question the voting system used by indigenous peoples in the central highlands of Papua, because the essence of the General Election process is that everyone can exercise direct, public, free and confidential voting rights. With the implementation of the General Election (including the election of DPD members) with the noken/ikat system, it does not provide guarantees and legal certainty for the constitutional rights of voters to determine for themselves who they think is best based on their rational logic. Honesty does not only mean that no provisions in the General Election are violated or simply that no votes are manipulated. Honesty must also be interpreted as the system that most allows the people to elect candidates according to their conscience based on the capacity and integrity of the candidates.


2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Ansloos ◽  
Suzanne Stewart ◽  
Karlee Fellner ◽  
Alanaise Goodwill ◽  
Holly Graham ◽  
...  

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