Neuroimaging of the Acute Vestibular Syndrome and Vascular Vertigo

2019 ◽  
pp. 309-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge C. Kattah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome

scholarly journals Acute Vestibular Syndrome Preceded by Otologic Symptoms in Sarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Joong Park ◽  
Jae-Myung Kim ◽  
Han-Sol Choi ◽  
Taebum Lee ◽  
Seung-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome

scholarly journals Acute and episodic vestibular syndromes caused by ischemic stroke: predilection sites on diffusion-weighted images

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao-Ming Tong ◽  
Xiao-Dong Chen ◽  
Ye-Ting Zhou ◽  
Tong-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome ◽  
Vessel Stenosis ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Abcd2 Score

Abstract Background Although acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) and episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) are an increasingly recognized cause of acute ischemic stroke, the predilection sites of AVS/EVS caused by acute ischemic stroke still is less known. Methods From Mar 2014 to Mar 2016 period, we used a new approach of 11thedition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) to retrospectively enrolled patients with identified AVS/EVS events caused by acute ischemic stroke in the stroke center of tertiary teaching hospital. The patients who had positive diffusion-weighted images (DWI) lesion and MRA were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the risk of stroke causing AVS/EVS. Results Among 181 AVS/EVS patients with ischemic stroke, 68 (37.6%) patients with acute ischemic stroke were proved by DWI. Of them, the most frequent type was EVS (60.3%); the predilection sites of stroke was in the insular (51.7%, 15/29) in the anterior circulation artery (ACA), followed by the posterior of thalamus (28.6%, 8/28) in the posterior circulation artery (PCA). The lesion on DWI showed a median diameter of 4.0mm (range,0.6-89.4). The risk of AVS/EVS in acute ischemic stroke was found in association with large vessel stenosis/ occlusion (odds ratio[OR],, 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.040-0.357), focal neurological symptom /sign (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.104-0.751), and higher initial ABCD2 score (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.239-0.573). Conclusions The predilection site of the AVS/EVS caused by acute ischemic stroke is in the insular. The risk of AVS/EVS was associated with a large vessel stenosis, focal neurological symptoms, and higher initial ABCD2 score.

Isolated acute vestibular syndrome due to presumed primary central nervous system lymphoma involving the dorsal medulla

2018 ◽  
Vol 265 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Uk Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Yoon Choi ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Ji-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome ◽  
Dorsal Medulla

Abstract P753: Comparison of Calibration vs Non-Calibration Techniques in the Automated Capture of Eye Movement Data: Initial Validation of the Roadie Device for Detecting Posterior Circulation Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Chad Aldridge ◽  
Yan Zhuang ◽  
Timothy L McMurry ◽  
Gustavo Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Posterior Circulation Stroke ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome

Background: Posterior circulation stroke (PCS) accounts for ~20% of ischemic strokes. Existing EMS screening tools lack accuracy in the diagnosis of PCS. We aim to develop an automated screening tool to detect abnormal eye movements in patients presenting with PCS. Methods: As an initial step, we built a portable platform called RoADIE (Rolling Apparatus to Detect Impairment of the Eyes), equipped with eye-tracking software to acquire gaze data from patients presenting with PCS, acute vestibular syndrome, and normal controls. We first performed a validation study in 19 healthy controls comparing calibration (C) vs non-calibration (NC) techniques. Eye movements were captured using a standard H-Test exam. The NC condition was performed first for each volunteer to avoid a learning effect. Correlation between C and NC tests was determined using the Spearman coefficient (r). Results: Conjugate gaze (i.e. ability of eyes to track in unison) demonstrated strong correlation along the horizontal [r = 0.976 (C), 0.922 (NC)] and vertical axes [r= 0.866 (C), 0.881(NC)]. Smooth pursuit (i.e. ability of each eye to track moving target) also showed strong correlation in the horizontal plane: right eye [r = 0.945 (C), 0.946 (NC), left eye [r=0.945 (C), 0.943 (NC)]. Vertical tracking showed moderate correlation: right eye [r=0.652 (C), 0.575 (NC), left eye [r=0.678 (C), 0.550 (NC)]. Conclusion: In this initial validation test of a portable eye tracking platform, we demonstrated strong correlation for both conjugate gaze and smooth pursuit in the horizontal axis, and moderate correlation for eye tracking in the vertical axis. Given similar performance in non-calibrated tests, a calibration procedure may not be necessary for future data capture. Next steps will include validation of the eye tracking device in prospective patients presenting with PCS and acute vestibular syndrome. Acknowledgement: Funding support through AHA Innovative Project Award 19IPLOI34760692

scholarly journals 084 Separating stroke from vestibular neuritis by vestibular function test parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (e7) ◽  
pp. A27.1-A27
Author(s):  
Zeljka Calic ◽  
Benjamin Nham ◽  
Rachel Taylor ◽  
Allison Young ◽  
Craig Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vestibular Neuritis ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Saccade Amplitude ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catch Up

IntroductionVestibular neuritis (VN) and posterior circulation stroke (PCS) are the commonest causes of acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). We aim to identify discriminators of VN from PCS by testing all five vestibular end-organs in patients presenting with AVS.MethodsThree-dimensional video-head impulse test (v-HIT), cervical and ocular-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (c-and oVEMP) and subjective visual horizontal (SVH) tests were performed in 22 patients with VN and 22 with PCS. Ipsilesional horizontal, anterior and posterior canal (HC, AC, PC) v-HIT gain and first catch-up saccade characteristics, VEMP amplitude asymmetry-ratios were compared.ResultsAll VN and 6 PCS patients had positive clinical HIT. Mean time to testing was 4.7 days for VN, 7.0 days for PCS. VN mean ipsilesional HC and AC first saccade amplitude was larger, peak-velocities faster and onset latencies earlier compared to PCS (p<0.05). No significant difference between VN and PCS in first saccade characteristics was found in PC. Ipsilesional first saccade amplitude, peak-velocity and duration were significantly different between PCS and controls for all canals (p<0.05). A gain <0.68 and first saccade amplitudes >2.2°separated VN from PCS with sensitivities of 95.5% and 86.4% and specificities of 72.7% and 63.6%. First saccade amplitude of >0.91°identified PCS from controls with sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 70%. Abnormality rates for AC cVEMP, BC oVEMP and SVH were 42.9%, 50% and 91% for VN and 38.1%, 9% 72% for PCS.Conclusion v-HIT gain and catch-up saccade metrics are useful separators of VN from PCS. Detailed saccade analysis complements existing vestibular tests.

scholarly journals 004 Vestibular event monitoring in the emergency department

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (e7) ◽  
pp. A2.1-A2
Author(s):  
Benjamin Nham ◽  
Nicole Reid ◽  
Emma Argaet ◽  
Allison Young ◽  
Kendall Bein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Event Monitoring ◽  
Horizontal Canal ◽  
Posterior Canal ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome

IntroductionAcute vertigo is often accompanied by ictal-nystagmus which may assist with diagnosis. We examine the merits of a structured assessment combined with vestibular event-monitoring in the Emergency Department (ED).MethodsWe undertook a structured clinical assessment and video-nystagmography in 220 non-consecutive patients presenting to a public-hospital ED with acute vertigo, during a 10-month period. The records of 115 consecutive vertiginous patients who underwent standard-assessment were compared.ResultsFor the structured assessment group: 54% presented with acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), 24% with episodic spontaneous vertigo (EVS), and 20% with recurrent positional-vertigo (RPV).For AVS (n=119), most common diagnoses were vestibular neuritis (34%), stroke (34%) and vestibular migraine (13%). Nystagmus slow-phase velocity (SPV) for VN, stroke and VM were 11±5.5o/s, 5.6±2.5o/s, 5.4±5.9o/s; Mean ipsilesional video-head impulse gains were 0.51±0.29, 0.89±0.20 and 0.96±0.13. For EVS(n=53), diagnoses included vestibular migraine (63%), Meniere’s Disease (11%) and others (26%). Nystagmus SPV was 5.4±3.6o/s, 7.6±6.3o/s, 4.1±1.5o/s. In RPV (n=43), common diagnoses were posterior-canal BPPV (66%), horizontal-canal BPPV (23%), migraine (7%). Positional nystagmus SPV profile showed Peak SPV of 42.5o/s, 77.6o/s, 20.64o/s and Time-constants of 6.52s, 22.51s, 34.56s for Posterior-canal BPPV, Horizontal-canal BPPV and Atypical Positional-Vertigo. A final diagnosis was reached in 96% of patients.In the ED control group, only 77% were separated into spontaneous or positional-vertigo. A diagnosis was provided in 57% and was concordant with the history and examination in 34%.ConclusionVestibular event-monitoring and structured clinical assessment secured a diagnosis in 96% of cases compared with 34% for the control group, reinforcing its merit.

scholarly journals Distillation of Posterior Fossa Demyelination in Acute Vestibular Syndrome: the Eyes Have It

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-675
Author(s):  
Aasef G. Shaikh ◽  
Mario Manto
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome

scholarly journals LO49: Can the HINTS exam rule out stroke in those with vertigo? A systematic review and meta-analysis

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S25
Author(s):  
R. Ohle ◽  
R. Montpellier ◽  
V. Marchadier ◽  
A. Wharton ◽  
S. McIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Medicine Physician ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Cranial Mri ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Stroke ◽  
Rule Out

Introduction: Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS - vertigo, nystagmus, head motion intolerance, ataxia, and nausea/vomiting) is a subset of patients presenting with vertigo. They are most often due to benign vestibular neuritis but can be a sign of a vertebrobasilar stroke. The HINTS (head impulse test, nystagmus, positive test of skew) exam has been proposed as an extremely accurate bedside test to rule out stroke in those presenting with AVS. Is the HINTS exam compared to MRI sufficiently sensitive to rule out vertebrobasliar stroke in an adult population presenting to the emergency department with AVS. Methods: We searched in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database, and relevant conference abstracts from 1968 to December 2018 and performed hand searches. No restrictions for language or study type were imposed. Relevant studies were reviewed and data was extracted by two independent reviewers. Gold standard in ruling out stroke was; Negative late acute (72 hrs–10d) cranial MRI with DWI OR Negative early acute (0–72hrs) cranial MRI plus negative follow-up cranial MRI or clinical follow-up for TIA/stroke of ≥3 months. Included studies were prospective or retrospective with patients presenting with acute vestibular syndrome. Studies combined if low clinical and statstitical heterogeonity. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS tool. Random effects meta analysis using Revman 5 and SAS9.3 was performed. Results: 6 studies with 715 participants were included( QUADAS 12/14 SD 1.2). Average study length 5.3 years ( STD 3.3 years) . Prevalence of vertebrobasilar stroke ranged 9.3-76% (Mean 39.1% SD 17.1). The most common diagnosis were vertebrobasilar stroke (Mean 34.8% SD 17.1%), peripheral cause (Mean 30.9% SD 16%). Intra cerebral haemorrhage (Mean 2.2%, SD 0.5%). Neurologist/neuro ophthalmologist performed the exam in 5/6 studies. 1 study reported a kappa between emergency medicine physician and neurologist of 0.24-0.41. The HINTS exam had a sensitivity of 96% (CI 95% 0.92-0.98, I2-0%), Specificity 91.4% (CI 95% 64.5-98.4% I2 94%). Positive likelihood ratio 11.9 ( CI 95% 2.9-48.8) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.04 ( CI 95% 0.01– 0.14). Conclusion: The HINTS exam has excellent diagnostic accuracy for ruling out stroke when performed by a neurologist. The lack of ER proven diagnostic accuracy and high prevalence of serious diagnosis in those presenting with acute vestibular syndrome suggests care should be taken in ruling out central cause of dizziness in this population.

Dizziness and the Acute Vestibular Syndrome at the Emergency Department: A Population-Based Descriptive Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Ljunggren ◽  
Julia Persson ◽  
Jonatan Salzer
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome
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