So You Got Two Ologies? The Challenge of Empirically Modelling Medical Prescribing Behaviour and Its Effect on Antimicrobial Resistance as a Case Study

Abstract The concept of solidarity has received increasing attention in discussions about public health interventions, both as a possible justification for such interventions and as a possible motivating factors for individual action. This chapter provides an analysis of whether thinking through a lens of solidarity is likely to be helpful in devising strategies and policies to combat antimicrobial resistance. It first provides a critical overview of recent accounts of solidarity and argues that solidarity must be understood as a group based concept. It then applies this conception of solidarity to individual use of antibiotics through a case study of the antibiotic treatment of moderate and severe acne where it is argued that solidarity based thinking is valuable within a context of shared decision-making. Issues of policy making are then discussed and it is argued that basing a policy on solidarity on the one hand constrains the methods chosen to pursue public health goals, but that on the other hand solidarity may provide a strong and durable motivation to comply with such a policy. The limits of solidarity are explored in the final section and it is concluded that 1) the concept of solidarity does have an important role to play in thinking about public health, 2) considerations of solidarity can help us shape the goals and methods of public health policies in the area of antibiotics, and 3) that it is likely that solidarity may also be helpful in thinking through other contentious issues in public health.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the community level: An urban and rural case study from Karnataka

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care ◽

10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_888_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1404

Author(s):

SwathiS Balachandra ◽

PrathameshS Sawant ◽

PoorvaG Huilgol ◽

T Vithya ◽

GS Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Community Level

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Trends of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance in Community Acquired infections- a Case Study of Enteric Fever and Health Implications.

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyv096.039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i99-i100

Author(s):

A. Kapil ◽

P. Sharma ◽

S. Dahiya ◽

S. Sood ◽

B. Das

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Health Implications

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Translating antimicrobial resistance: a case study of context and consequences of antibiotic-related communication in three northern Thai villages

Palgrave Communications ◽

10.1057/s41599-019-0226-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nutcha Charoenboon ◽

Marco J. Haenssgen ◽

Penporn Warapikuptanun ◽

Thipphaphone Xayavong ◽

Yuzana Khine Zaw

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance

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Antibiotic Resistance Case Study: Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Batlama Creek in Giresun, Turkey

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.969-972.1262 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 969 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tamer Akkan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Surface Water ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Surveillance Programs ◽

Surface Water Bodies ◽

Weak Resistance

Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the freshwater of the Batlama Creek in Giresun, to measure their resistance levels against to antibiotics. A total of 9 antibiotics disc were applied for the resistance test. Antibiotic resistances of all isolates were at percentages for ampicillin (75%), erythromycin (64%), nalidixic acid (48%), tetracycline (39%), amikacin (34%), cefazolin and chloramphenicol (33%), cefuroxime (32%) and cefotaxime (23%), respectively. The highest resistant strain was resistant against to 9 antibiotics, while the weak resistance of 16 isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics. Moreover, Multiple antibiotic resistance index values were found to be higher than 0.2 for 77% of all isolates. High resistances of examined bacteria against to antibiotics indicated a dense and multisource pollution in the Batlama Creek. Consequently, a need for good surveillance programs to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in surface water bodies.

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Trends and correlates of antimicrobial use in broiler and turkey farms: a poultry company registry-based study in Italy

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkz212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 2784-2787 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claudia Caucci ◽

Guido Di Martino ◽

Alessandro Dalla Costa ◽

Manuel Santagiuliana ◽

Monica Lorenzetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Structural Interventions ◽

Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽

Prescribing Behaviour ◽

Antimicrobial Treatments

Abstract Background Antimicrobial usage (AMU) in livestock plays a key role in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Analysis of AMU data in livestock is therefore relevant for both animal and public health. Objectives To assess AMU in 470 broiler and 252 turkey farms of one of Italy’s largest poultry companies, accounting for around 30% of national poultry production, to identify trends and risk factors for AMU. Methods Antimicrobial treatments administered to 5827 broiler and 1264 turkey grow-out cycles in 2015–17 were expressed as DDDs for animals per population correction unit (DDDvet/PCU). A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the effect of geographical area, season and prescribing veterinarian on AMU. Management and structural interventions implemented by the company were also assessed. Results AMU showed a 71% reduction in broilers (from 14 to 4 DDDvet/PCU) and a 56% reduction in turkeys (from 41 to 18 DDDvet/PCU) during the study period. Quinolones, macrolides and polymyxins decreased from 33% to 6% of total AMU in broilers, and from 56% to 32% in turkeys. Broiler cycles during spring and winter showed significantly higher AMU, as well as those in densely populated poultry areas. Different antimicrobial prescribing behaviour was identified among veterinarians. Conclusions This study evidenced a decreasing trend in AMU and identified several correlates of AMU in broilers and turkeys. These factors will inform the design of interventions to further reduce AMU and therefore counteract antimicrobial resistance in these poultry sectors.

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