A Cultural-Historical Study of Digital Devices Supporting Peer Collaboration in Early Years Learning Setting in One Saudi School

Effects of parent–child interaction training on children who are excessively exposed to digital devices: A pilot study

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0091217419837070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 408-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeid Sadeghi ◽

Hamid Reza Pouretemad ◽

Reza Khosrowabadi ◽

Jalil Fathabadi ◽

Sedighe Nikbakht

Keyword(s):

Early Years ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Absolute Power ◽

Sample Group ◽

Digital Devices ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Child Interaction ◽

Parent Child Interaction ◽

Parent Child Relationships ◽

Parent Child

Objective In the last decade, the use of digital devices among children has increased. This study examines the effects of parent–child interaction training on the amount of time children use digital devices, conflict and closeness in parent–child relationships, executive functions, and the electroencephalogram absolute power in children who excessively use the digital devices. Method The sample group consisted of 12 children (24 to 47 months) who spent more than half of their waking hours using digital devices. Parents were trained to intensive interaction with the child for two months. Electroencephalogram absolute power, parent–child interaction, the amount of time children use digital devices, and children’s executive function skills were assessed. Results Parent–child intensive interaction reduces the use of digital devices; decrease the conflicts and increase the closeness in parent–child relationships; decrease executive functioning problems; and increase the absolute power of alpha and alpha 2 (F3), beta 1 (F3), and beta and beta 2 (F3, Fp2). Conclusion These findings provide evidence of the negative effects of the excessive use of digital devices in children, the importance of parent–child interaction, and its positive impacts on cognitive and brain functions in children. It might contribute to better understand the importance of parent–child interaction in the early years.

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Early childhood educators’ perceptions of the Australian Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF): Engaged professional learners

Australasian Journal of Early Childhood ◽

10.1177/1836939119832083 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 124-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antoinette D White ◽

Marilyn Fleer

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Effective Means ◽

Early Childhood Educators ◽

Early Years ◽

Historical Study ◽

Reform Process ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Initiation Phase ◽

Learning Framework

Educational change is dependent on the practices and perceptions of educators. Yet efforts to sustain teacher’s adoption and implementation of reform packages often deteriorate over time. Monitoring educators’ engagement across the reform process, and making adaptions to reflect key findings, is central to successful implementation. This cultural–historical study explored trends in early childhood educators’ perceptions of an Australian nation-wide educational reform, making recommendations based on the findings. Results from the Baseline Evaluations of the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) represented the initiation phase, whilst an online questionnaire explored educators’ attitudes and concerns four years on. Data analysis included a thematic and content analysis where the dialects of everyday concepts and scientific concepts helped give meaning to the clusters found. Whilst findings show an overall positive orientation towards the EYLF, concerns are evident at both moments in time. Although this initially suggests educators have not progressed in their implementation of the framework, a theorisation of the results suggests educators are seeking effective means of transforming professional concepts of the EYLF into practice.

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Psychiatry and Insanity in Mexico, 1876–1968

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.723 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Ríos Molina

Keyword(s):

Patient Care ◽

Cultural Development ◽

Early Years ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Capital City ◽

Historical Study ◽

Porfirio Diaz ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The 19Th Century

In Mexico, there were hospitals for the “demented” from the early years of the Spanish colony. It was not until the second half of the 19th century, however, that the first physicians interested in alterations of the brain published articles on the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of mental illnesses. Within a larger context of health reforms launched during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911), known as the Porfiriato, healthcare officials decided to close the hospitals for the insane and construct a modern institution where psychiatry could grow as a discipline and where patients could be treated using scientific methods. Furthermore, along with the economic and cultural development that took place during the Porfiriato, there was an increase in the number of patients admitted to hospitals for the insane, while at the same time the number of doctors interested in the clinical treatment of mental illnesses increased, as well. The officials’ decision became a reality on September 1, 1910—just two months before the Revolution broke out—when La Castañeda General Asylum was opened. It was a complex of twenty-four buildings in the town of Mixcoac. In addition to being an institution for patient care, it was also where the first generations of Mexican psychiatrists and neurologists were trained. As early as the 1930s, the asylum began to have problems with overcrowding, unhealthy conditions, and deterioration of the facilities. The doctors there repeatedly called for the patient care system to be restructured. In 1944, a psychiatric reform called the “Castañeda Operation” began, seeking to decentralize psychiatric care and to use agricultural work as a therapeutic tool. The result was the creation of seven new hospitals and the permanent closure of the asylum in 1968. Recent historiography on psychiatry from its beginnings in the Porfiriato to the time of that reform have shown that it was a period marked by the rise and fall of a utopian dream, that of the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatric internment. It was a transition from the single, large asylum in the capital city to a network of hospitals that relied on outpatient care, early detection, and medication as a way to dismantle the asylum model. As a result, La Castañeda General Asylum has held a privileged place in historical study as the stage for the beginning, the development, and the consolidation of Mexican psychiatry.

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The Role of Market Devices for Price and Loyalty Strategies in 20th Century U.S. Grocery Stores

Journal of Macromarketing ◽

10.1177/0276146719897366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 201-220

Author(s):

Johan Hagberg ◽

Hans Kjellberg ◽

Franck Cochoy

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Competitive Dynamics ◽

Historical Study ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Retail Market ◽

Digital Devices ◽

The Us ◽

Technical Innovations

This paper explores the competitive dynamics of technical innovations and retailer strategies through a historical study of the role of market devices in contributing to price and loyalty competition strategies in the US grocery retail market during the 20th century. Our findings show that recurrent shifts between emphasizing price and using various customer loyalty arrangements were closely linked to, and supported by, the introduction of seemingly mundane technical devices. Our analysis of retailer competition incorporates the role of technical innovations as endogenous to retail dynamics, which is important to understand historical development, but also highly relevant for contemporary analyses given the current proliferation of digital devices within retailing.

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The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x13009850 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 102-129

Author(s):

ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽

EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

El Salvador ◽

Early Years ◽

Left Wing ◽

Internal Dynamics ◽

Internal Coherence ◽

The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141950 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

J. E. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Image Quality ◽

High Speed ◽

Early Period ◽

Early Years ◽

Fluorescent Screen ◽

Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

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