Agricultural Biodiversity for Crop Disease and Pest Management

Multi-function agricultural biodiversity: pest management and other benefits

Basic and Applied Ecology ◽

10.1078/1439-1791-00122 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Author(s):

Geoff M. Gurr ◽

Stephen D. Wratten ◽

John Michael Luna

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Agricultural Biodiversity

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Survey Paper on Tomato Crop Disease Detection and Pest Management

International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation ◽

10.4018/ijaec.2019070102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Abhijeet Somnath Gurle ◽

Sankalp Nitin Barathe ◽

Roshan Shankar Gangule ◽

Shubham Dipak Jagtap ◽

Tanuja Patankar

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Disease Detection ◽

Important Research ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Survey Paper ◽

Major Threat ◽

Important Research Topic ◽

Crop Disease ◽

Tomato Diseases

India is an agricultural country and most of peoples wherein about 70% depends on agriculture. So, disease detection is very important research topic. There are many species of tomato diseases and pests, the pathology of which is complex. Crop diseases are a major threat to crop production, but their identification remains difficult in many parts of India due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure. It is difficult and error-prone to simply rely on manual identification. Recent advances in computer vision made possible by deep learning has made the way for automatic disease detection. In this article, the authors have analysed a method of disease detection and pest management using a convolution neural networks (CNN), k-means clustering, and acoustic emission.

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Microbial control of white grubs with entomopathogenic fungi and its value in integrated pest management (IPM) in Nepal

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v24i1.270 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Yubak Dhoj G. C. ◽

Siegried Keller ◽

Peter Nagel

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Microbial Control ◽

White Grubs ◽

First Results ◽

Crop Disease ◽

Future Work

With an objective to explore the possibility of biocontrol of white grubs using entomopathogenic fungi, an exploratory tudy was conducted in the Syangja and Parbat districts in nepal in the winter of 2001/2002. In order to explore the occurrence of indigenous fungal pathogens of white grubs, field and laboratory experiments were carried out and information were collected from all available sources. Upon collection of the white grubs the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae was found to be associated with white grubs in fields with arable crop. Disease prevalence was between ) and 2% depending on host origin and species. Bioassays revealed that the Nepalese isolates of this fungus species were as pathogenic as a Swiss isolate used for comparison purposes. Therefore, Future work will be done exclusively with Nepalese isolates. Analysis of soils from three different regions showed that M. anisopliae is common and was present in about 50% of the samples irrespective of their origin. However, the fungus densities were low. Another entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was isolated as well from a few soil samples. Based on these first results, the possibilities to develop mycoinsecticides and to integrate them into existing pest management (IMP) systems are considered as very promising. In the meantime a project funded by Helvetas has been initiated at Tribhuvan University (TU), Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Key words: Biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, Scarabaeidae, white grubs, Nepal.

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Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082753 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. R. Adams ◽

G. J Tompkins ◽

A. M. Heimpel ◽

E. Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Management Program ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Epilachna Varivestis ◽

House Cricket ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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Air pollution influences crop disease

Nature ◽

10.1038/news050404-1 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roxanne Khamsi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Crop Disease

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Book review

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.51.2003.2.11 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 237

Author(s):

G. Vida

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Pest Management

D. Pimentel (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel, 2002. 929 pp. ISBN 0-8247-0632-0

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Insect Pest Management in Stored Products

Outlooks on Pest Management ◽

10.1564/v31_feb_05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 24-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Somiahnadar Rajendran

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Control Measures ◽

Stored Products ◽

Insect Pest Management ◽

Insect Infestation ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Agricultural Produce ◽

Food Commodities

Insects are a common problem in stored produce. The author describes the extent of the problem and approaches to countering it. Stored products of agricultural and animal origin, whether edible or non-edible, are favourite food for insect pests. Durable agricultural produce comprising dry raw and processed commodities and perishables (fresh produce) are vulnerable to insect pests at various stages from production till end-use. Similarly, different animal products and museum objects are infested mainly by dermestids. Insect pests proliferate due to favourable storage conditions, temperature and humidity and availability of food in abundance. In addition to their presence in food commodities, insects occur in storages (warehouses, silos) and processing facilities (flour mills, feed mills). Insect infestation is also a serious issue in processed products and packed commodities. The extent of loss in stored products due to insects varies between countries depending on favourable climatic conditions, and pest control measures adopted. In stored food commodities, insect infestation causes loss in quantity, changes in nutritional quality, altered chemical composition, off-odours, changes in end-use products, dissemination of toxigenic microorganisms and associated health implications. The insects contribute to contaminants such as silk threads, body fragments, hastisetae, excreta and chemical secretions. Insect activity in stored products increases the moisture content favouring the growth of moulds that produce mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin in stored peanuts). Hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting silkworm cocoons has been reported to act as a carrier of microsporidian parasite Nosema bombycis that causes pebrine disease in silkworms. In dried fish, insect infestation leads to higher bacterial count and uric acid levels. Insects cause damage in hides and skins affecting their subsequent use for making leather products. The trend in stored product insect pest management is skewing in favour of pest prevention, monitoring, housekeeping and finally control. Hermetic storage system can be supplemented with CO2 or phosphine application to achieve quicker results. Pest detection and monitoring has gained significance as an important tool in insect pest management. Pheromone traps originally intended for detection of infestations have been advanced as a mating disruption device ensuing pest suppression in storage premises and processing facilities; pheromones also have to undergo registration protocols similar to conventional insecticides in some countries. Control measures involve reduced chemical pesticide use and more non-chemical inputs such as heat, cold/freezing and desiccants. Furthermore, there is an expanding organic market where physical and biological agents play a key role. The management options for insect control depend on the necessity or severity of pest incidence. Generally, nonchemical treatments, except heat, require more treatment time or investment in expensive equipment or fail to achieve 100% insect mortality. Despite insect resistance, environmental issues and residue problems, chemical control is inevitable and continues to be the most effective and rapid control method. There are limited options with respect to alternative fumigants and the alternatives have constraints as regards environmental and health concerns, cost, and other logistics. For fumigation of fresh agricultural produce, new formulations of ethyl formate and phosphine are commercially applied replacing methyl bromide. Resistance management is now another component of stored product pest management. In recent times, fumigation techniques have improved taking into consideration possible insect resistance. Insect control deploying nanoparticles, alone or as carriers for other control agents, is an emerging area with promising results. As there is no single compound with all the desired qualities, a necessity has arisen to adopt multiple approaches. Cocktail applications or combination treatments (IGRs plus organophosphorus insecticides, diatomaceous earth plus contact insecticides, nanoparticles plus insecticides/pathogens/phytocompounds and conventional fumigants plus CO2; vacuum plus fumigant) have been proved to be more effective. The future of store product insect pest management is deployment of multiple approaches and/or combination treatments to achieve the goal quickly and effectively.

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