A Learning Approach for Road Traffic Optimization in Urban Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mejdoubi ◽  
Ouadoudi Zytoune ◽  
Hacène Fouchal ◽  
Mohamed Ouadou
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Traffic Optimization

scholarly journals Development of universal transport shceme for road traffic optimization in urban conditions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-536
Author(s):  
V. D. Timokhovets ◽  
Ya. I. Chichilanova
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Intersections ◽  
Circular Curves ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
Traffic Optimization

Introduction. This article addresses the issue of optimizing the movement of road users in an urban environment. The need to resolve this issue arose due to the suboptimal design of the city’s street-road network, consisting in an increase in traffic intensity to limit values and the inability of traffic lights to solve the problems of global demand for vehicle movement. It is also important to address the issue of the movement of ever-increasing pedestrian flows.Optimization of traffic conditions is assumed by the device of integrated transport schemes. The main disadvantage of solving this issue is the limited regulatory documentation that would be applicable in urban environments.Materials and methods. In the article, the authors used, as a fundamental method of analogy, a comparison of the categories of streets and urban roads with suburban highways. Also, the advantages of individual road junctions and their systems and the level of convenience of the streets of Tiumen were analyzed.Results. The results are variants of complex traffic intersections that satisfy the requirements defined in advance regarding various types of intersections with the following indicators: distance between minor streets, number of lanes on the streets, radii of circular curves.Conclusion. Based on the results of this article, it is advisable to consider the third variant of the complex intersection, which is the most promising in terms of the considered parameters.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Effect of the Mobility of Combustion Vehicles in the Environment of Cities and the Improvement in Air Pollution in Europe: A Vision for the Awareness of Citizens and Policy Makers

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Pascual-Guillamón ◽  
Fidel Salas-Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Short Time

Today, the design and remodeling of urban environments is being sought in order to achieve green, healthy, and sustainable cities. The effect of air pollution in cities due to vehicle combustion gases is an important part of the problem. Due to the indirect effect caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, political powers in Europe have imposed confinement measures for citizens by imposing movement restrictions in large cities. This indirect measure has given us a laboratory to show how the reduction in vehicle circulation affects in a short time the levels of air pollution in cities. Therefore, this article analyzes the effect in different European cities such as Milan, Prague, Madrid, Paris, and London. These cities have been chosen due to their large amount of daily road traffic that generates high levels of pollution; therefore, it can clearly show the fall in these pollutants in the air in the analyzed period. The results shown through this study indicate that the reduction in combustion vehicles greatly affects the levels of pollution in different cities. In these periods of confinement, there was an improvement in air quality where pollutant values dropped to 80% compared to the previous year. This should serve to raise awareness among citizens and political powers to adopt measures that induce sustainable transport systems.

scholarly journals Noise Events Monitoring for Urban and Mobility Planning in Andorra la Vella and Escaldes-Engordany

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Alsina-Pagès ◽  
Robert Garcia Almazán ◽  
Marc Vilella ◽  
Marc Pons
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Impact

Noise pollution is a critical factor and it has an important impact on public health, with the relationship between road traffic noise (RTN) and several illnesses in urban areas of particular concern. Andorra is currently developing a national strategy regarding noise pollution in their urban environments. The Ministry of Environment, Agriculture and Sustainability is trying to to identify, monitor, map and model the effects of noise pollution and design mitigation policies to reduce the impact in certain priority areas. This analysis should take into account the existence of different types of anomalous noise events (ANEs) present in the street, e.g., horns, people talking, music, and other events that coexist with RTN, to characterize the soundscape of each of the locations. This paper presents a preliminary analysis considering both the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the duration of the ANEs to evaluate their presence in urban areas in the three different locations in Andorra la Vella and Escaldes-Engordany. The experiments conducted required a 10-h recording campaign distributed in the three locations under study, which was evaluated on two different days, one during the week and the other on the weekend. Afterwards, the data were carefully labeled and the SNR of each event was evaluated to determine the potential impact of the four categories under study: vehicles, works, city life and people.

scholarly journals Noise and Air Pollution Related to Health in Urban Environments

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Pedro Atanasio-Moraga ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental noise is a pollutant considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a threat to public health due to its harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) indicates that road traffic is the sound source that generates the greatest number of people exposed in Europe to sound levels above what is recommended by the European Noise Directive. In a similar way, the EEA also reports that air pollution is the most important environmental health risk in Europe, where road traffic is one of the main sources of emission of polluting gases. The relationship between both pollutants, leads to think about the development of common strategies. This paper presents a review on recent researches about the relationship of these two types of pollution in urban environments with different types of diseases.

Road traffic optimisation based on a learning approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mejdoubi ◽  
Hacène Fouchal ◽  
Ouadoudi Zytoune ◽  
Mohamed Ouadou
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Learning Approach

scholarly journals The Impact of Thin Asphalt Layers as a Road Traffic Noise Intervention in an Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12561
Author(s):  
Ablenya Grangeiro de Barros ◽  
Jarl K. Kampen ◽  
Cedric Vuye
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
The Impact

Low-noise thin asphalt layers (TALs) are a feasible solution to mitigate road traffic noise in urban environments. Nevertheless, the impacts of this type of noise intervention are reported mostly regarding noise levels, while non-acoustic aspects influencing the population perception are still little-known. This study investigates the implementation of TALs in two streets of Antwerp, Belgium. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured via noise modelling and acoustic measurements of road traffic noise. A reduction of 2.8 dB in noise exposure was observed in Lden and Lnight, while SPB measurements showed decreases up to 5.2 dB on the roadside. The subjective impacts of the TALs were evaluated via self-administered surveys and compared to results from control streets. The annoyance indicators were positively impacted by the TALs implementation, resulting in annoyance levels similar or lower than in the control streets. The TALs did not impact the reported physical complaints, sleep quality, and comfort level to perform activities.

scholarly journals Frequency of new particle formation events in the urban Mediterranean climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 26463-26494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brines ◽  
M. Dall'Osto ◽  
D. C. S. Beddows ◽  
R. M. Harrison ◽  
F. Gómez-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
New Particle Formation

Abstract. Road traffic emissions are often considered the main source of ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter smaller than 100 nm) in urban environments. However, recent studies have shown that – in southern European urban regions at least – new particle formation events can also contribute to UFP. In order to quantify such events we systematically studied four cities with a Mediterranean climate: Barcelona, Madrid, Rome and Los Angeles. The city of Brisbane is also included in our study due to its similar climate. Five long term datasets (from 3 months to 2 years) of fine and ultrafine particle number size distributions (measured by SMPS, Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) were analysed. By applying k-Means clustering analysis, we categorized the collected aerosol size distributions in four main classes: "Traffic" (prevailing 41–63% of the time), "Background Pollution" (6–53%), "Nucleation" (6–33%) and "Specific case" (7–20%) the latter being site specific. The daily variation of the average UFP concentrations for a typical nucleation day at each site revealed a similar pattern for all cities, with three distinct particle bursts. A morning and an evening spike reflected traffic rush hours, whereas a third one at midday showed new particle formation events. This work shows that the average occurrence of particle size spectra dominated by new particle formation events was 18% of the time, showing the importance of this process as a source of UFP in the Mediterranean urban atmosphere. Furthermore, in a number of the studied cities, particle number concentration averaged daily profiles for the whole study periods clearly showed the same three particle bursts. This reveals nucleation events as a relevant contributor to the average daily urban exposure to UFP in Mediterranean urban environments.

scholarly journals A Combined Approach to Address Road Traffic Crashes beyond Cities: Hot Zone Identification and Countermeasures in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Romi Satria ◽  
Ka Ho Tsoi ◽  
Maria Castro ◽  
Becky P.Y. Loo
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Hot Zone

Addressing fatalities on road is a major concern in most countries in the world. South-East Asian countries are no exception. In Indonesia, three persons die on road every hour. Understanding where and how road traffic crashes happen is imperative before the most efficient countermeasures can be devised and implemented. In this paper, three tools—hot spots, hot zones and hot clusters—are used to identify sections of two main highways in the Province of Aceh that require most urgent action. Many countermeasures have been developed to address the problem of black sites (hot spots). Examples of implementation often come from Australia, Europe or North America. Less research exists on countermeasures in hot zones, even less so in the Global South (less developed countries from Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America). This research applies quantitative spatial analysis that builds on existing works using the hot zone methodology and goes a step further by suggesting relevant countermeasures. More precisely, by taking into consideration the global urban-rural divide, this paper attempts to identify the most dangerous highway sections, in Indonesia, and to suggest appropriate hot zone countermeasures based on the characteristics of these hot zones. The results showed that urban highways, when compared to rural highways, were characterized by higher crash rates and a larger number of hot zones. Formulating hot zone countermeasures in urban environments should therefore consider their associated dangerousness and environmental features. Proposed countermeasures in urban roads include a stricter monitoring of the use of helmet, seat belt and cellphone, and the development of periodic communication and awareness campaigns.

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