scholarly journals Sound Power: Musical Diplomacy Within the Franciscan Custody in Mandate Jerusalem

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-104
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Rioli ◽  
Riccardo Castagnetti
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Schola Cantorum ◽  
Musical Diplomacy

AbstractAlthough often underestimated or barely quoted by historical studies, music plays a crucial role in the cultural agenda of Church institutions and missionary congregations. Among the Catholic actors, the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land was a central one connecting two of their main goals: evangelisation and education. These two tasks were strictly linked: music was a central element in the liturgies celebrated in the parishes and in the Holy Places and at the same time a pedagogical tool, taught in the schools ruled by the Friars. Music reveals also the complex process of encounter of Palestinian and Western patterns in modern Palestine. In this way the music sung and taught in the St Saviour also contributed to shape the soundscape of Jerusalem. The chapter discusses various sources related to Augustine Lama, at that time the director of the schola cantorum of St Saviour.

The Churches of Palestine and their Influence on Early Christian Architecture

Antiquity ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 12 (46) ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons Maria Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Holy Places

The churches of the Holy Land play a very special part in the lengthy controversies as to the origin and formation of the Christian basilica, since particular significance is attributed to them as constituting a norm from which the basilica type developed. For example, Wulff remarks :l ' If any region anywhere played a leading part in the development of the early Christian basilica, it is Palestine, including the whole coast of Syria to Philistia, where, under Constantine the Great, building was already developed with the express purpose of fostering the cult in the holy places '. This view, illuminating in and for itself, is today generally accepted ; it cannot, however, be maintained against the result of recent excavations. In this article chief emphasis is laid on the churches of Constantine, which are of especial importance not only because of their age, but in particular because they stand on the most sacred places of Christendom.

PAPER MONEY, THE NATION, AND THE SUSPENSION OF CASH PAYMENTS IN 1797

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROKI SHIN
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article considers British society's response to the suspension of cash payments in February 1797. Although this event marked the beginning of the so-called Bank Restriction Period, during which the Bank of England's notes were inconvertible, there have been no detailed studies on the social and political situation surrounding the suspension. This article provides an in-depth examination of the events leading up to and immediately following the suspension. It questions existing accounts of the suspension as a smooth transition into the nationwide use of paper money and describes the complex process that came into play to avert a nationwide financial collapse. The decision to suspend the Bank's cash payments stemmed from deep-rooted financial instability, exacerbated by recurrent invasion scares that heightened after the French attempt on Bantry Bay, Ireland, in December 1796. Under such circumstances, national support for drastic financial measures could not be taken for granted. The article demonstrates that the declaration movement, which was a form of consolidated and visualized trust in the financial system, played a crucial role in the 1797 suspension crisis.

The fusome organizes the microtubule network during oocyte differentiation in Drosophila

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (19) ◽  
pp. 4253-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Grieder ◽  
M. de Cuevas ◽  
A.C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Gamma Tubulin ◽  
Oocyte Differentiation

Differentiation of the Drosophila oocyte takes place in a cyst of 16 interconnected germ cells and is dependent on a network of microtubules that becomes polarized as differentiation progresses (polarization). We have investigated how the microtubule network polarizes using a GFP-tubulin construct that allows germ-cell microtubules to be visualized with greater sensitivity than in previous studies. Unexpectedly, microtubules are seen to associate with the fusome, an asymmetric germline-specific organelle, which elaborates as cysts form and undergoes complex changes during cyst polarization. This fusome-microtubule association occurs periodically during late interphases of cyst divisions and then continuously in 16-cell cysts that have entered meiotic prophase. As meiotic cysts move through the germarium, microtubule minus ends progressively focus towards the center of the fusome, as visualized using a NOD-lacZ marker. During this same period, discrete foci rich in gamma tubulin that very probably correspond to migrating cystocyte centrosomes also associate with the fusome, first on the fusome arms and then in its center, subsequently moving into the differentiating oocyte. The fusome is required for this complex process, because microtubule network organization and polarization are disrupted in hts(1) mutant cysts, which lack fusomes. Our results suggest that the fusome, a specialized membrane-skeletal structure, which arises in early germ cells, plays a crucial role in polarizing 16-cell cysts, at least in part by interacting with microtubules and centrosomes.

Journeying to an Antique Christian Past

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Megan C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Being There ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
Transformative Impact ◽  
The Impact

Pilgrimage treatises fulfilled many functions—as sacred histories, polemics, and aids to contemplation—but they were first and foremost modes of spiritual journeying designed to take devout Christians on a virtual visitation of the Holy Places. Through their vivid descriptions of the journey of the pilgrim to Jerusalem, early modern Catholic narratives purposefully concretized the Holy Land as the place where Christ lived and evoked the transformative impact for the pilgrim of being there. Just as importantly, these narratives embedded the Catholic tradition, in the form of Catholic altars, ornamentation, and rituals, in the very fabric of the Holy Places. These twin strategies, concretization and embedding, illuminate the impact of Reformation debate over the nature and locus of Christian authority upon members of the traditional Church. They show that many Catholics staked a claim to the legitimacy of the traditional Church in the place where Christ first plied his ministry.

scholarly journals THE PILGRIMAGE OF WEALTHY PIOUS CHRISTIAN WOMEN FROM ROME TO THE HOLY LAND IN THE FOURTH TO SIXTH CENTURIES AD

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-65
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church

This study examines the pilgrimage of Christian women ascetics in the early Christian period from the fourth to sixth centuries AD, focusing on wealthy Roman women who were influenced by the Church Fathers, such as Jerome and left their world, freedom, family and social class. They sold their properties in order to come to the Holy Land (the Land of the Bible) to visit the holy places and the desert hermits and to build monasteries, hospitals, hospices, orphanages and accomodations for old people through the Holy Land. The pilgrimage of women ascetics was a characteristic feature of the period. In spite of the difficult journey, these ascetic women came to fulfill their religious and spiritual needs. These women have been remembered throughout the ages for their faith, piety, tenderness, purity and devotion and have served as role models for women after them. This study examines the concept of pilgrimage in Christianity and the pilgrimage of the women ascetics and their religious and social accomplishments in the Holy Land.

Virtual Pilgrimages to Real Places: the Holy Landscapes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Kühnel
Keyword(s):  
Wall Painting ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Stations Of The Cross ◽  
Mnemonic Devices ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Real Places ◽  
The Church

This chapter attempts to differentiate between types of monumental representations of Jerusalem, to locate them historically and to explore the reasons for their extraordinary density by deciphering the essentials of their function as mnemonic devices in the framework of medieval devotionalism. Conditioned by historical events such as the Crusades, Franciscan canonization of the Stations of the Cross and the Counter-Reformation, representation of Jerusalem gradually expanded from copies of Christ's tomb in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to commemorate the Stations of the Cross and other holy places in Jerusalem and the Holy Land. The holy landscapes are multimedia representations: they combine topography and architecture (neutral or reflecting the original) with life-size figural groups and wall painting to identify the holy places. Groups of such representations could form separate sites at a certain distance from settlements, or encompass a city with a network of reproduced loca sancta.

History and Memory as Factors in Greek Orthodox Pilgrimage to the Holy Land under Crusader Rule

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Andrew Jotischky
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
First Crusade ◽  
Textual Tradition

Western pilgrimage to the Holy Land can be explained through patterns of evolving spirituality. The development in the eleventh century of a penitential theology in which pilgrimage played a crucial role, coupled with the practical opportunities for travel occasioned by the success of the First Crusade, brought the Holy Land closer than ever. The survival of a strong textual tradition manifested in pilgrimage itineraries, many of which are autobiographical in tone, further contributes to our perception of pilgrimage as an example of medieval religion in practice.

“My Lord's Native Land”: Mapping the Christian Holy Land

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ann Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Holy Women ◽  
Cultural Features

In the fourth and early fifth centuries Christians laid claim to the land of Palestine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the investment of the land of Palestine and its places with Christian historical and cultural meanings, and to trace its remapping as the “holy land.” This map was not a figurative representation of geographical and cultural features; as with all maps, it was an idea. The Christian “holy land” is also an idea, one which did not exist at the beginning of the fourth century, but which, by the mid-fifth century, was a place constructed of a rich texture of places, beliefs, actions, and texts, based in the notion that the landscape provided evidence of biblical truths. When Constantine became a Christian, there was no “holy land”; however, over the succeeding one hundred and thirty years Christians marked and identified many of their holy places in Palestine. The map-makers in this transformation were emperors, bishops, monastics, holy women, and pilgrims who claimed the holy places for Christianity, constructing the land as topographically Christian and mediating this view of their world through their pilgrim paths, buildings, liturgies, and texts. The idea of mapping is used here as an aid to understanding the formation of cultural viewpoints and the validation of ideas and actions that informed the construction of the “holy land.”

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