scholarly journals Partial Volume Segmentation of Brain MRI Scans of Any Resolution and Contrast

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Benjamin Billot ◽  
Eleanor Robinson ◽  
Adrian V. Dalca ◽  
Juan Eugenio Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Volume Segmentation ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Mri Scans

Intracranial meningioma in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Parmenion Tsitsopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Vasileios Tsitouras ◽  
Ioannis Venizelos ◽  
Philippos Tsitsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Heritable Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gait Disturbances

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder characterized mainly by connective tissue manifestations. In dinstinct cases, several neurological features have also been described. A 46-year-old male with a known family history of OI type I presented with progressive gait disturbances and diminished muscle strength. Brain MRI scans revealed an infiltrative intracranial mass occupying both frontoparietal lobes. The patient underwent surgical intervention. The histological diagnosis was an atypical (Grade II) meningioma. The bony parts demonstrated a mixture of osseous defects due to OI and infiltration by the tumor. At one-year follow up the patient′s muscle power partially returned while repeat MRI scans were negative for tumor recurrence.

scholarly journals Silent Brain MRI Infarcts and Subsequent Stroke Type In the Cardiovascular health Study

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 363-363
Author(s):  
Charles B Bernick ◽  
Lewis H Kuller ◽  
Will T Longstreth ◽  
Corinne Dulberg ◽  
Teri A Manolio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cranial Mri ◽  
Silent Mri

P136 Objective: Silent infarcts seen on cranial MRI scans are a risk factor for subsequent clinical stroke in the elderly. This study examines the type of clinical strokes seen in those with silent infarcts. Methods: Cranial MRI examination was completed on 3324 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants aged 65+ who were without a prior history of clinical stroke. Incident strokes were identified over an average follow-up of 4 years and classified as hemorrhagic or ischemic. Ischemic strokes were further subdivided into lacunar, cardioembolic, atherosclerotic or other/unknown. Results: Silent MRI infarcts >3mm were found in approximately 28% (n=923). Of these, 7% (n=67) subsequently had a clinically evident stroke. The characteristics of the silent MRI infarcts in those who sustained an incident stroke were as folows: 56 had only subcortical infarcts, of which 55 were <20mm; 4 had only cortical infarcts; and 7 had both cortical and subcortical infarcts. Of those with only subcortical silent MRI infarcts, 16% (n=9) went on to a hemorrhagic stroke and 84% (n=47) sustained an ischemic stroke. The ischemic strokes were subtyped as 12 cardioembolic, 3 lacunar, 2 atherosclerotic and 30 unknown/other. Considering only those with cortical silent infarcts, either alone or in combination with subcortical infarcts, there was 1 hemorrhagic stroke and 10 ischemic strokes. Half of the ischemic strokes were cardioembolic and half were unknown type. Conclusion: Elderly individuals with silent subcortical infarcts who go onto subsequent stroke may be at risk not only for lacunar infarcts but also cardioembolic or hemorrhagic strokes.

scholarly journals Early infantile epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy due to biallelic PIGP mutations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Vetro ◽  
Tiziana Pisano ◽  
Silvia Chiaro ◽  
Elena Procopio ◽  
Azzurra Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Severe Hypotonia ◽  
Profound Disability

ObjectiveTo describe clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic findings in a large inbred family in which 4 children with a severe early-onset epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy, with suppression burst EEG, harbored homozygous mutations of phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class P (PIGP), a member of the large glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis gene family.MethodsWe studied clinical features, EEG, brain MRI scans, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and measured the expression of a subset of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in circulating granulocytes using flow cytometry.ResultsThe 4 affected children exhibited a severe neurodevelopmental disorder featuring severe hypotonia with early dyskinesia progressing to quadriplegia, associated with infantile spasms, focal, tonic, and tonic-clonic seizures and a burst suppression EEG pattern. Two of the children died prematurely between age 2 and 12 years; the remaining 2 children are aged 2 years 7 months and 7 years 4 months. The homozygous c.384del variant of PIGP, present in the 4 patients, introduces a frame shift 6 codons before the expected stop signal and is predicted to result in the synthesis of a protein longer than the wild type, with impaired functionality. We demonstrated a reduced expression of the GPI-AP CD16 in the granulocytic membrane in affected individuals.ConclusionsPIGP mutations are consistently associated with an epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy with the features of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with profound disability and premature death. CD16 is a valuable marker to support a genetic diagnosis of inherited GPI deficiencies.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Biochemical Features of the Course and Surgical Treatment of Experimental Obstructive Hydrocephalus in Young Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Marcelo Volpon Santos ◽  
Luiza da Silva Lopes ◽  
Hélio Rubens Machado ◽  
Ricardo Santos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is a multifactorial disease, affecting the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leading to severe neurological impairment in children; in spite of the recent advances in hydrocephalus research, it has many physiopathological aspects that still remain poorly understood, especially after treatment. Objectives: To analyze the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and biochemical aspects of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in an experimental model, both in the acute phase and after shunt treatment, by means of behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, histopathological studies, and level of inflammatory interleukins in the CSF. Methods: Seven-day-old Wistar rats were used and subdivided into three subgroups: treated hydrocephalic (n = 24), untreated hydrocephalic (n = 17), and controls (n = 5). The hydrocephalic groups underwent cisternal injection of 15% kaolin for induction of hydrocephalus at 7 days of age. The treated group was submitted to a ventricular-subcutaneous shunt (VSCS) 1 week after induction. All animals were euthanized at 21 days of age. They underwent motor function and memory testing as well as brain MRI scans. Histopathological analysis for glial fibrillary acidic protein and Ki-67 was done, and CSF was collected for measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results: The average time to reach the water maze platform was highest in the untreated hydrocephalic group. The magnetization transfer rates were 37.21 and 33.76 before and after shunting, respectively. The mean astrocyte counts were 2.45, 1.36, and 90.5 for shunted, untreated, and control animals, respectively. The mean CSF IL-1β concentrations were 62.3 and 249.6 pg/mL, the average IL-6 levels were 104.2 and 364.7 pg/mL, and the average TNF-α values were 4.9 and 170.5 pg/mL for the treated hydrocephalic group and the untreated group, respectively. Conclusions: Pups treated with a CSF shunt showed better performance on memory tests. VSCS did not revert demyelination caused by hydrocephalus. Likewise, reactive astrocytosis and cell proliferation over the germinal matrix were not reversed after shunting. Hydrocephalic animals had raised levels of inflammatory interleukins, which returned to normal after treatment.

An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2034-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yat Wong ◽  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
Edith Pomarol-Clotet ◽  
Raymond Salvador ◽  
Anton Albajes-Eizagirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Midcingulate Cortex ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Abnormal Brain

AbstractBackgroundPositive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample.MethodTo study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls.ResultsThe result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression.ConclusionThese findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A New Framework of Multiphase Segmentation and Its Application to Partial Volume Segmentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuhua Chen ◽  
Yunmei Chen ◽  
Hemant D. Tagare
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Theory ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Mr Image ◽  
Volume Segmentation ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Constraint Problem ◽  
Multiphase Segmentation ◽  
New Framework

We proposed a novel framework of multiphase segmentation based on stochastic theory and phase transition theory. Our main contribution lies in the introduction of a constructed function so that its composition with phase function forms membership functions. In this way, it saves memory space and also avoids the general simplex constraint problem for soft segmentations. The framework is then applied to partial volume segmentation. Although the partial volume segmentation in this paper is focused on brain MR image, the proposed framework can be applied to any segmentation containing partial volume caused by limited resolution and overlapping.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document