Principles of Microwave and RF Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-45
Author(s):  
James C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi ◽  
Geraldine Alberola ◽  
Sylvain Auge ◽  
Amar Tamra ◽  
David Dubuc ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Eleanor R. Adair ◽  
Sharon A. Kelleher ◽  
Larry G. Berglund ◽  
Gary W. Mack

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Alexandre Joushomme ◽  
André Garenne ◽  
Mélody Dufossée ◽  
Rémy Renom ◽  
Hermanus Johannes Ruigrok ◽  
...  

It remains controversial whether exposure to environmental radiofrequency signals (RF) impacts cell status or response to cellular stress such as apoptosis or autophagy. We used two label-free techniques, cellular impedancemetry and Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), to assess the overall cellular response during RF exposure alone, or during co-exposure to RF and chemical treatments known to induce either apoptosis or autophagy. Two human cell lines (SH-SY5Y and HCT116) and two cultures of primary rat cortex cells (astrocytes and co-culture of neurons and glial cells) were exposed to RF using an 1800 MHz carrier wave modulated with various environmental signals (GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications, 2G signal), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, 3G signal), LTE (Long-Term Evolution, 4G signal, and Wi-Fi) or unmodulated RF (continuous wave, CW). The specific absorption rates (S.A.R.) used were 1.5 and 6 W/kg during DHM experiments and ranged from 5 to 24 W/kg during the recording of cellular impedance. Cells were continuously exposed for three to five consecutive days while the temporal phenotypic signature of cells behavior was recorded at constant temperature. Statistical analysis of the results does not indicate that RF-EMF exposure impacted the global behavior of healthy, apoptotic, or autophagic cells, even at S.A.R. levels higher than the guidelines, provided that the temperature was kept constant.


Author(s):  
В. I. Geltser ◽  
V. N. Kotelnikov ◽  
О. О. Vetrova ◽  
R. S. Karpov

In most modern studies, masked arterial hypertension (MAH) is characterized as a poorly diagnosed, latent clinical condition predisposing to subclinical damage to target organs and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of MAH among the population depends on gender, age, anthropometric and socioeconomic factors, profession, race and other characteristics. The most important risk factors (RF) of MAH and its pathophysiological determinants include genetic polymorphism, subclinical non-specific inflammation, hemostatic disorders, obesity, metabolic syndrome, water-salt imbalance, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia. A defined value has latent dysfunction of the mechanisms that provide circulatory homeostasis, the detection of which is possible by the hemodynamic response to psycho-emotional, hypoxic, hypocapnic, orthostatic effects. Aggressiveness of RF exposure and the consequences of their implementation are evaluated by the rate of development of cardiovascular events and mortality, which indicate an unfavorable prognosis of “uncontrolled” MAH. The maximum reduction of the RF effects and rational pharmacotherapy can significantly improve its clinical prospects.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin C. Ziskin ◽  
Stanislav I. Alekseev ◽  
Kenneth R. Foster ◽  
Quirino Balzano

Author(s):  
Zsófia Szilágyi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Németh ◽  
József Bakos ◽  
Péter Pál Necz ◽  
Anna Sáfár ◽  
...  

The absorption of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emitted by wireless devices leads to a high specific absorption rate in the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can induce several damages to the skin. The aim of this study was to examine whether combined, consecutive exposure to solar UV radiation and 1950 MHz RF exposure of third generation (3G) mobile system have any effect on inflammation processes in the skin. Under in vitro experiments, the inflammation process was examined by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion on 3D full thickness human skin model. The RF exposure was applied before or after UV irradiation, in order to study either the possible cooperative or protective effects of exposure to RF and UV. We did not find changes in cytokines due to exposure to RF alone. The RF exposure did not enhance the effects of UV radiation. There was a statistically not-significant decrease in cytokines when the skin tissues were pre-exposed to RF before being exposed to 4 standard erythemal dose (SED) UV compared to UV exposure alone. We found that RF exposure reduced the previously UV-treated MMP-1 enzyme concentration. This study might support the evaluation of the effects on the skin exposed to microwave radiation of 5G mobile technology.


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