Clinical Trials in Bladder and Upper Tract Cancer – Bladder Cancer Disease States

2021 ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
Seth P. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Disease States

405: Previous History of Bladder Cancer is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Eiji Kikuchi ◽  
Akira Miyajima ◽  
Ken Nakagawa ◽  
Mototsugu Oya ◽  
Takashi Ohigashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Independent Prognostic Factor ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
History Of

Use of Thiazolidinediones and Risk of Bladder Cancer: Disease or Drugs?

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes T. Bazelier ◽  
Frank de Vries ◽  
Peter Vestergaard ◽  
Hubert Leufkens ◽  
Marie De Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Disease

scholarly journals Bladder cancer: shedding light on the most promising investigational drugs in clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irbaz Bin Riaz ◽  
Ahsan Masood Khan ◽  
James WF Catto ◽  
Syed A Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Investigational Drugs

scholarly journals Intratumoral CD103+ CD8+ T cells predict response to PD-L1 blockade

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e002231
Author(s):  
Romain Banchereau ◽  
Avantika S. Chitre ◽  
Alexis Scherl ◽  
Thomas D. Wu ◽  
Namrata S. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Clinical Trials ◽  
Complex Phenotype ◽  
Cytotoxic Proteins

BackgroundCD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, marked by CD103 (ITGAE) expression, are thought to actively suppress cancer progression, leading to the hypothesis that their presence in tumors may predict response to immunotherapy.MethodsHere, we test this by combining high-dimensional single-cell modalities with bulk tumor transcriptomics from 1868 patients enrolled in lung and bladder cancer clinical trials of atezolizumab (anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)).ResultsITGAE was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in inflamed tumors. Tumor CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells exhibited a complex phenotype defined by the expression of checkpoint regulators, cytotoxic proteins, and increased clonal expansion.ConclusionsOur analyses indeed demonstrate that the presence of CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells, quantified by tracking intratumoral CD103 expression, can predict treatment outcome, suggesting that patients who respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are those who exhibit an ongoing antitumor T-cell response.

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Arthur Peyrottes ◽  
Idir Ouzaid ◽  
Gianluigi Califano ◽  
Jean-Francois Hermieu ◽  
Evanguelos Xylinas
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Background and Objectives: Facing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, neoadjuvant immunotherapy is an innovative concept in localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Herein, we performed a review of the available and ongoing evidence supporting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration in the early stages of bladder cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on Medline and clinical trials databases, using the terms: “bladder cancer” OR “urothelial carcinoma”, AND “neoadjuvant immunotherapy” OR “preoperative immunotherapy”. We restricted our investigations to prospective clinical trials evaluating anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. Data on efficacy, toxicity and potential biomarkers of response were retrieved. Results: The search identified 6 ICIs that were tested in the neoadjuvant setting for localized bladder cancer—4 anti-PD-(L)1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Nivolumab and Durvalumab) and 2 anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors (Ipilimumab and Tremelimumab). Most of the existing literature was based on single-arm phase 2 clinical trials that included from 23 to 143 patients. The pathological complete response rate (pCR) and pathological response rate (pRR) ranged from 31% to 46% and from 55.9% to 66%, respectively. Survival data were immature at this time. The safety profile was acceptable, with severe treatment-related adverse events ranging from 6% to 41%. Conclusions: The results of early phase trials are encouraging, and more investigations are needed to strengthen the rationale for immune checkpoint inhibitor administration in localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar S. Sugeeta ◽  
Anand Sharma ◽  
Kenrick Ng ◽  
Arvind Nayak ◽  
Nikhil Vasdev
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Aim: This is a narrative review with an aim to summarise and describe urinary biomarkers in the surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It provides a summary of FDA-approved protein biomarkers along with emerging ones which utilise genetic, epigenetic and exosomal markers. We discuss the current limitations of the available assays.Background: Current guidelines advice a combination of cystoscopy, imaging,and urine cytology in diagnosis and surveillance. Although cytology has a high specificity, it is limited by low sensitivity particularly in low grade tumours. There are six FDA-approved urinary assays for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. They have shown to improve sensitivity and specificity to be used alongside cytology and cystoscopy but have a lower specificity in comparison to cytology and false positives often occur in benign conditions. Recent developments in laboratory techniques has allowed for use of markers which are RNA-, DNA-based as well as extracellular vesicles in the past decade.Methods: Using the PubMed/Medline search engines as well as Google Scholar, we performed an online search using the terms “bladder cancer,” “non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,” and “urine biomarkers” with filter for articles in English published up to May 2021. Systematic reviews and original data of clinical trials or observational studies which contributed to the development of the biomarkers were collated.Results: Biomarkers identified were divided into FDA-approved molecular biomarkers, protein biomarkers and gene-related biomarker with a table summarising the findings of each marker with the most relevant studies. The studies conducted were mainly retrospective. Due to the early stages of development, only a few prospective studies have been done for more recently developed biomarkers and limited meta-analyses are available.Therefore a detailed evaluation of these markers are still required to decide on their clinical use.Conclusion: Advancements of analytical methods in BC has driven the research towards non-invasive liquid-based biomarkers in adjunct to urine cytology. Further large prospective studies are required to determine its feasibility in a clinical setting as they are not effective when used in isolation as they have their limitation. With the ongoing pandemic, other than reduction in costs and increased accuracy, the need for biomarkers to cope with delay in cystoscopies in diagnosis and surveillance is crucial. Thus clinical trials with direct comparison is required to improve patient care.

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