scholarly journals A COLAB Model of Workplace Transformation in the Criminal Justice Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-227
Author(s):  
Sarah Hean ◽  
Marie Aakjær ◽  
Laure Kloetzer ◽  
Laura Seppänen ◽  
Anu Kajamaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Organisational Learning ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Future Directions

AbstractThis chapter presents the COLAB model for promoting organisational learning and innovation with potential application in criminal justice-related organisations. We describe this model as a toolkit that built on the Change Laboratory model of workplace transformation but one augmented with the beneficial components of Activity Clinics, Boundary Crossing Workshops and Codesign methods and developed within the criminal justice context. Limitations and future directions for the model are discussed.

scholarly journals Measuring learning in human classical threat conditioning: translational, cognitive and methodological considerations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karita Ojala ◽  
Dominik R Bach
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Threat conditioning is a laboratory model of associative learning across species that is often used in research on the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. At least 10 different conditioned responses (CR) for quantifying learning in human threat conditioning are found in the literature. In this narrative review, we discuss these CR by considering the following questions: (1) Are the CR indicators of amygdala-dependent threat learning? (2) To what components of formal learning models do the CR relate? (3) How well can threat learning be inferred from the CR? Despite a vast literature, these questions can only be answered for some CR. Among the CR considered, heart period, startle eye-blink and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer are most clearly related to amygdala-dependent threat learning. Formal learning models have mostly been studied for skin conductance responses, which are likely to reflect threat prediction and its uncertainty. Startle eye-blink and pupil size appear to best differentiate CS+/CS−, although few direct comparisons between CR exist. We suggest future directions for improving the quantification of threat conditioning.

Passing the Threshold of One Justice System to the Next: Challenges of Emerging Young Adults in Hong Kong’s Adult Criminal Justice Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2650-2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng ◽  
Becky Po-Yee Leung
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Distinct Period

In many criminal justice systems, there is a clear separation for juvenile and adult defendants. However, those in between, referred to as emerging young adult defendants (ages 18-25 years), are treated as adult defendants despite a growing recognition that emerging adulthood is a distinct period in the life course. The aim of this present study is to investigate the experiences and challenges faced by emerging young adult defendants ( N = 25) in Hong Kong’s adult criminal justice process. Through in-depth semistructured interviews, it was found that emerging young adult defendants demonstrated a lack of understanding regarding their rights and the legal procedures, faced stress in being caught up in the criminal justice process, and were susceptible to influence by others, particularly family members, in making legal decisions. Implications and future directions of study are discussed.

Future Directions for Research Examining the Notion of Familiarity and Its Impact on the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Joanna Pozzulo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Eyewitness Accuracy ◽  
Current State ◽  
System P ◽  
The Future ◽  
System Variables ◽  
Police Practices

This chapter provides a summary of the goals of the book and offers a look to the future in eyewitness familiarity research. The chapter addresses why there has been limited research examining familiarity within an eyewitness context. Next, it describes the current state of the field in terms of studying familiarity through four themes: (1) the limited amount of research utilizing familiarity in an eyewitness context; (2) the importance of focusing on system variables, such as police practices and procedures, that may exacerbate errors in familiarity cases; (3) the importance of understanding the interaction between familiarity and estimator variables that may increase or decrease eyewitness accuracy; and (4) the influence of familiarity claims in the courtroom. This chapter concludes with a discussion of the importance of studying familiarity in terms of the criminal justice system.

Problem-Solving Courts

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
David DeMatteo ◽  
Kirk Heilbrun ◽  
Alice Thornewill ◽  
Shelby Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Problem Solving Courts ◽  
Big Picture

This chapter summarizes problem-solving court principles and concepts, provides an overview of the limited reach of problem-solving courts, describes alternatives to problem-solving courts (e.g., diversion, smart sentencing, probation/parole), discusses strategies for incorporating a problem-solving approach in other aspects of the justice system, and examines current innovations for expanding problem-solving justice. This chapter discusses a “big picture” approach that includes a discussion of how reformation of certain aspects of the criminal justice system could effectively address the behavioral health needs of offenders and reduce recidivism. This chapter also discusses future directions within problem-solving justice in terms of research, practice, and policy.

scholarly journals Making sense of interactions between mental health and criminal justice services: the utility of cultural historical activity systems theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-141
Author(s):  
Sarah Hean ◽  
Elisabeth Willumsen ◽  
Atle Ødegård
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Activity Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Historical Activity ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity

Purpose Effective collaboration between mental health services (MHS) and criminal justice services (CJS) impacts on mental illness and reduces reoffending rates. This paper proposes the change laboratory model (CLM) of workplace transformation as a potential tool to support interagency collaborative practice that has potential to complement current integration tools used in this context. The purpose of this paper is to focus specifically on the theoretical dimension of the model: the cultural historical activity systems theory (CHAT) as a theoretical perspective that offers a framework with which interactions between the MHS and CJS can be better understood. Design/methodology/approach The structure and rationale behind future piloting of the change laboratory in this context is made. Then CHAT theory is briefly introduced and then its utility illustrated in the presentation of the findings of a qualitative study of leaders from MHS and CJS that explored their perspectives of the characteristics of collaborative working between MHS and prison/probation services in a Norwegian context and using CHAT as an analytical framework. Findings Leaders suggested that interactions between the two services, within the Norwegian system at least, are most salient when professionals engage in the reintegration and rehabilitation of the offender. Achieving effective communication within the boundary space between the two systems is a focus for professionals engaging in interagency working and this is mediated by a range of integration tools such as coordination plans and interagency meetings. Formalised interagency agreements and informal, unspoken norms of interaction governed this activity. Key challenges limiting the collaboration between the two systems included resource limitations, logistical issues and differences in professional judgments on referral and confidentiality. Originality/value Current tools with which MHS/CJS interactions are understood and managed, fail to make explicit the dimensions and nature of these complex interactions. The CLM, and CHAT as its theoretical underpinning, has been highly successful internationally and in other clinical contexts, as a means of exploring and developing interagency working. It is a new idea in prison development, none as yet being applied to the challenges facing the MHS and CJS. This paper addresses this by illustrating the use of CHAT as an analytical framework with which to articulate MHS/CJS collaborations and the potential of the CLM more widely to address current challenges in a context specific, bottom-up and fluid approach to interagency working in this environment.

scholarly journals Claiming justice: Victims of crime and their perspectives of justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802098780
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Holder ◽  
Amanda L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
The Relationship

‘Victims claiming justice’ has surface simplicity but arises in a range of contexts influenced by different histories, facing different institutions offering different possibilities. It is this tremendous range of contexts and characteristics that has engaged researchers. Most have taken the idea of justice as a given. As guest editors of this symposium on justice, we sought to delve into deeper and under-explored dimensions including the interconnection of inequality and justice, the relationship between public and private justice, the interests that victims have in justice, and the interface between social and criminal justice for victims. The contributions are broad in scope and consider different victimization types and contexts, different justice mechanisms and pathways that victims pursue, and extend across domestic and international justice domains. We reflect on intersections and divergences, challenges for the field and opportunities and future directions for research.

Narrative Criminology and Ethnography

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-268
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fleetwood ◽  
Sveinung Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Criminal Capital

This chapter outlines how criminological researchers can attend to narrative as part of their ethnographic practice. Attention to the narrativity of speech, conversations, and texts pertaining to both individuals and groups has the potential to enrich ethnographic research on crime, criminal justice, and victims/survivors. It accentuates that stories told in field, between research participants—and to the researcher—are paramount for most ethnographic fieldwork. Ethnographers can draw much from contemporary developments in narrative criminology. We outline two insights in particular: talk is a kind of social action that does things and, second, stories motivate and guide behaviour. We review research in narrative criminology to demonstrate the importance of stories for understanding crime and justice: they delineate insiders and outsiders, convey identity, supply know-how, and display criminal capital. Vengeance and violence are also a way to tell or enact stories. This chapter also explores questions of methodology and discusses some practical issues such as how to invite storytelling and how to use recording devices in the field. We conclude with some thoughts about future directions for narrative criminology and ethnography.

Covert Ethnography in Criminal Justice and Criminology: The Controversial Tradition of Doing Undercover Fieldwork

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calvey
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Covert Observation ◽  
Criminology And Criminal Justice

The role and value of covert ethnography in the fields of criminal justice and criminology, a controversial and somewhat marginalized tradition due to its association with deception. It is a transgressive approach with ethical baggage that runs counter to the received wisdom on informed consent. Despite this, it is a creative and innovative approach which can yield rich types of insider data and lived experience leading to nuanced analyses and understanding of crime and deviance in society. There is a classic fear and fascination with covert research. It is a methodological pariah, which has been routinely demonized, particularly in the current climate of ethical regimentation. It is typically associated with harm and risk to both the researched and the researched. The covert researcher has been seen as a belligerent figure in the criminological landscape, which marginalizes its worth. My exploration and unpacking of this controversial tradition shall be undertaken in several ways: Firstly, by outlining the controversy surrounding deception, which covert ethnography is squarely associated with. This association is partly related to how the understanding of covert observation is deeply embedded in popular culture. Secondly, by exploring the rich diversity of covert ethnography in criminology and criminal justice, both classic and contemporary. Part of the logic here is to rehabilitate and celebrate the sociological aspects of criminology and criminal justice, partly by examining some heartland topics in the field as well as studying deviance across different settings and subcultures. Thirdly, by drawing on some of my own field experiences from a covert study of bouncers in the night-time economy of Manchester, which I compare to others in the field. Fourthly, by offering some brief reflections on the future directions of covert ethnography via a discussion of the revival in covert research. Lastly, by providing some concluding sentiments on covert ethnography.

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