Food Security in Morocco: Risk Factors and Governance

The major cattle management system observed in Soba Local Government Area was pastoral husbandry system. Under this system, cattle were extensively grazed on established forages of Kaduna State forests and were exposed to various arthropod vectors of haemoparasites. These haemoparasites are a serious threat to food security in Soba LGA due to their influence on cattle productivity. Questionnaires were used in assessing some farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in Soba LGA. A total of 24 herdsmen made up of 20 pastoralists and 4 sedentary herdsmen were interviewed. The study revealed, that some herd management practices were observed to have constituted risks to acquiring haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentar y herds in the study area. For instance, vectors of haemoparasites such as ticks and biting flies aside Glossina were present in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in the study area. Some farm management practices such as screening of herds for haemoparasites, treatment of it once in 12 months and quarantining of new stock before adding to the existing herds were found not to be carried. Thus, constituted risk factors in the herds. This preliminary study, provided evidence of the possible arthropod vectors (ticks and biting flies) that may be involved in the transmission of haemoparasites to cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State. It is envisaged that this survey will stimulate more studies to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites in cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State.

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Risk Factors for Food Insecurity in Undergraduate Students at a Rural Liberal Arts Institution (P04-050-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-050-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Emily Heying ◽

Emma Backes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Liberal Arts ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Liberal Arts Institution ◽

Campus Resources

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and accompanying risk factors among undergraduate students at a private liberal-arts institution in a rural setting. Methods A cross-sectional research design was used to analyze the food security status and potential risk factors of undergraduate students. Participants completed an online survey distributed via email. The USDA Six-item Household Food Security Module was used to assess food security status. The perceived stress scale (PSS) assessed perceived stress levels. Participants were also asked about demographics, employment status, living situation, and on or off campus dining options. Results 532 respondents met the criteria for the study (14.5% of total undergraduate enrollment). 35% of female participants (n = 335) and 47% of male participants (n = 197) from the total sample were considered food insecure at some time during the semester. 3rd/4thyear students were more likely to be food insecure than 1st/2nd year students (P = 0.03). Factors that increased risk for food insecurity were: being a student of color, first-generation, working more than 16 hours per week, higher levels of perceived stress, and having a meal-plan that did not provide unlimited access to on-campus dining, Conclusions Food insecurity was prevalent in at least one third of participants at an undergraduate liberal arts institution in a rural community. Institutions in rural communities need to further explore the root of food insecurity to alleviate potential hunger and malnutrition, as these students often depend on on-campus resources due to lack of off-campus resources in the near vicinity. Funding Sources This study was funded through a “Becoming Community” grant to the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University provided by the Carnegie Mellon Foundation.

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Food Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Mexican Women from Sinaloa

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 231-231

Author(s):

Liliana Lopez-Gambino ◽

Monica-L Castro-Acosta ◽

Elia Zepeda-Gomez ◽

Elena Angulo-Leyva ◽

Paola Galindo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Food Security ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Security Levels

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between food security levels and nutritional indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk (anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical) in vulnerable women from Culiacan, Sinaloa. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were adult females from Sinaloa, Mexico. Questionnaires applied included socio-demographic characteristics, the Mexican Food Security Scale, a 24-h dietary recall, and personal and family medical history. Anthropometric indicators included BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage. Clinical and biochemical indicators were blood pressure and postprandial capillary blood glucose, respectively. Associations between food security levels and risk factors were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test and t student test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Data is presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). Results One hundred and seventy five women aged: 46.2 ± 15.9 y; and BMI: 29.8 ± 6.8 k/m2, participated in this study. Energy intake was 1586 kcal (1149, 2147 kcal). The prevalence of food security (FS) was 51%, whereas 49% of the population reported some level of food insecurity (FI); 26% mild insecurity, 12% moderate insecurity and 11% severe insecurity. There were no differences between groups (FS vs. FI) for age, BMI and energy intake. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 76% and median body fat-mass was 37%; differences between groups on waist circumference showed a trend towards an increased risk in the FI group; FS: 91.3 ± 15.3 cm, FI: 95.6 ± 13.9 cm (P = 0.055). Postprandial capillary blood glucose was not significantly different between groups; FS: 120 (105, 139) mg/dL and FI: 125 (107, 145) mg/dL, however 56% of women in the FI group categorized under risk of postprandial hyperglycemia compared to 44% in the FS group (P = 0.168). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were no different between groups, nevertheless when comparing classification of hypertension, there was a higher prevalence in the FI group than in the FS; 61 and 39%, respectively. Conclusions Women with FI tended to have higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. Funding Sources UAS.

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Mo-P1:461 Houshold food security and C.V.D. and its risk factors in Iran

Atherosclerosis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80301-6 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 82-83

Author(s):

M. Rafiei ◽

M. Boshtam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Security

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Prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors related to household food security in Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008004345 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1150-1156 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Noreen D Willows ◽

Paul Veugelers ◽

Kim Raine ◽

Stefan Kuhle

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Home Ownership ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Aboriginal Peoples ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Household Food ◽

Sociodemographic Risk

AbstractObjectiveCanada’s Aboriginal population is vulnerable to food insecurity and increasingly lives off-reserve. The Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 Nutrition, was used to compare the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity between non-Aboriginal and off-reserve Aboriginal households.DesignFood insecurity status was based on Health Canada’s revised interpretation of responses to the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Logistic regression was used to assess if Aboriginal households were at higher risk for food insecurity than non-Aboriginal households, adjusting for household sociodemographic factors.SettingCanada.SubjectsHouseholds (n35,107), 1528 Aboriginal and 33 579 non-Aboriginal.ResultsThirty-three per cent of Aboriginal households were food insecure as compared with 9 % of non-Aboriginal households (univariate OR 5·2, 95 % CI 4·2, 6·3). Whereas 14 % of Aboriginal households had severe food insecurity, 3 % of non-Aboriginal households did. The prevalence of sociodemographic risk factors for household food insecurity was higher for Aboriginal households. Aboriginal households were more likely to have three or more children (14 %v. 5 %), be lone-parent households (2 1 %v. 5 %), not have home ownership (52 %v. 31 %), have educational attainment of secondary school or less (43 %v. 26 %), have income from sources other than wages or salaries (38 %v. 29 %), and be in the lowest income adequacy category (33 %v. 12 %). Adjusted for these sociodemographic factors, Aboriginal households retained a higher risk for food insecurity than non-Aboriginal households (OR 2·6, 95 % CI 2·1, 3·2).ConclusionsOff-reserve Aboriginal households in Canada merit special attention for income security and poverty alleviation initiatives.

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Household and Child Food Insecurity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Lower-Income Adolescents Aged 12 – 17 Years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 – 2016

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002652 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Aarohee P. Fulay ◽

Kelsey A. Vercammen ◽

Alyssa J. Moran ◽

Eric B. Rimm ◽

Cindy W. Leung

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Lower Income ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Household Food ◽

Weighted Prevalence

Abstract Objective: Household food insecurity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in low-income adults, but research on these associations among adolescents is inconsistent. This study investigates whether household and child food insecurity is associated with CVD risk factors in lower-income adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association between household and child food security and CVD risk factors. Household and child food security was measured using the United States Food Security Survey Module. The analyses were adjusted for adolescent’s age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, physical activity, and sedentary time, as well as household income and the head-of-household’s education and marital status. Setting: United States. Participants: The sample was comprised of 2876 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, with household incomes at or below 300% federal poverty line from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2007-2016. Results: The weighted prevalence of household food insecurity in the analytic sample was 33.4% and the weighted prevalence of child food insecurity was 17.4%. After multivariable adjustment, there were no significant associations between household and child food insecurity and BMI-for-age Z-score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, fasting LDL cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose. Conclusions: Despite observed associations in adults, household food insecurity was not associated with CVD risk factors in a national sample of lower-income adolescents. Child food insecurity was also not associated with CVD risk factors. More research should be conducted to confirm these associations.

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Social and behavioral risk reduction strategies for tuberculosis prevention in Canadian Inuit communities: a cost-effectiveness analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10187-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aashna Uppal ◽

Olivia Oxlade ◽

Ntwali Placide Nsengiyumva ◽

Dieynaba S. N’Diaye ◽

Gonzalo G. Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Security ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Reduction Strategy ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

Potential Impact

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in Inuit communities across Canada, with an annual incidence rate in 2017 that was nearly 300 times higher than in Canadian-born non-Indigenous individuals. Social and behavioral factors that are prevalent in the North, such as commercial tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, food insecurity and overcrowded housing put individuals at higher risk for TB morbidity and mortality. We examined the potential impact of mitigation strategies for these risk factors, in reducing TB burden in this setting. Methods We created a transmission model to simulate the epidemiology of TB in Nunavut, Canada. We then used a decision analysis model to assess the potential impact of several evidence-based strategies targeting tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, food insecurity and overcrowded housing. We predicted TB incidence, TB-related deaths, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and associated costs and cost-effectiveness over 20 years. All costs were expressed in 2018 Canadian dollars. Results Compared to a status quo scenario with no new interventions for these risk factors, the reduction strategy for tobacco use was most effective and cost-effective, reducing TB incidence by 5.5% (95% uncertainty range: 2.7–11%) over 20 years, with an estimated cost of $95,835 per TB case prevented and $49,671 per QALY gained. The addition of the food insecurity reduction strategy reduced incidence by a further 2% (0.5–3%) compared to the tobacco cessation strategy alone, but at significant cost. Conclusions Strategies that aim to reduce commercial tobacco use and improve food security will likely lead to modest reductions in TB morbidity and mortality. Although important for the communities, strategies that address excess alcohol use and overcrowding will likely have a more limited impact on TB-related outcomes at current scale, and are associated with much higher cost. Their benefits will be more substantial with scale up, which will also likely have important downstream impacts such as improved mental health, educational attainment and food security.

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Social Determinants and Access to Water-Sanitation-Hygiene as Dominant Risk Factors of Stunting among Under-five Children in Rural Area of East Indonesia

10.20944/preprints202107.0279.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dini Suciyanti ◽

Grace Wangge ◽

Elisa Iskandar ◽

Umi Fahmida ◽

Taniawati Supali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Security ◽

Rural Area ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Full Potential ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Eastern Indonesia ◽

Co Morbidity

(1) Background: Stunting remains a challenge in Indonesia, where 30.8% of under-five children are stunted and may never reach full potential height and cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of stunting in Nangapanda subdistrict, East Nusa Tenggara; (2) Methods: The design was cross-sectional study located in rural area as part of PINTERMIDI UI project. We collected quantitative data on social determinants, weight, height, hemoglobin, ferritin, serum zinc, CRP, worm infection, history of deworming, co-morbidity, food security, and nutrient intake; (3) Results: A total of 196 under-five children included and 74% households were food insecure. The prevalence of stunting was 29.9% in this population (31.8% worm infection, 30.3% iron deficiency, and 28.1% zinc deficiency). Multivariate analysis showed household with 5-8 members (AOR 3.076; 95% CI 1.132 – 8.356) and unsafe drinking water (AOR 1.702; 95% CI 0.825 – 3.512) were significant independent risk factors of stunting after adjusted by child’s gender, father’s occupation, caregiver’s education, monthly expenses, sanitary facilities, and food security status; (4) Conclusions: The number of household members is the only independent risk factor of stunting among children age 24-59 months in rural area of Eastern Indonesia. Development of nutrition sensitive intervention and promotion of family planning are needed in order to increase adequate child’s care and feeding practices in rural area of Eastern Indonesia.

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