Food Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Mexican Women from Sinaloa

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between food security levels and nutritional indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk (anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical) in vulnerable women from Culiacan, Sinaloa. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were adult females from Sinaloa, Mexico. Questionnaires applied included socio-demographic characteristics, the Mexican Food Security Scale, a 24-h dietary recall, and personal and family medical history. Anthropometric indicators included BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage. Clinical and biochemical indicators were blood pressure and postprandial capillary blood glucose, respectively. Associations between food security levels and risk factors were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test and t student test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Data is presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). Results One hundred and seventy five women aged: 46.2 ± 15.9 y; and BMI: 29.8 ± 6.8 k/m2, participated in this study. Energy intake was 1586 kcal (1149, 2147 kcal). The prevalence of food security (FS) was 51%, whereas 49% of the population reported some level of food insecurity (FI); 26% mild insecurity, 12% moderate insecurity and 11% severe insecurity. There were no differences between groups (FS vs. FI) for age, BMI and energy intake. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 76% and median body fat-mass was 37%; differences between groups on waist circumference showed a trend towards an increased risk in the FI group; FS: 91.3 ± 15.3 cm, FI: 95.6 ± 13.9 cm (P = 0.055). Postprandial capillary blood glucose was not significantly different between groups; FS: 120 (105, 139) mg/dL and FI: 125 (107, 145) mg/dL, however 56% of women in the FI group categorized under risk of postprandial hyperglycemia compared to 44% in the FS group (P = 0.168). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were no different between groups, nevertheless when comparing classification of hypertension, there was a higher prevalence in the FI group than in the FS; 61 and 39%, respectively. Conclusions Women with FI tended to have higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. Funding Sources UAS.

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Single-Arm 8-Week Ad Libitum Self-Prepared Paleo Diet Reduces Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Overweight Adults

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/1559827619866157 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 155982761986615

Author(s):

Melissa M. Markofski ◽

Kristofer Jennings ◽

Chad Dolan ◽

Natalie A. Davies ◽

Emily C. LaVoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Paleo Diet ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Physically Inactive ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

The paleo diet is popular among the general population due to promoted weight loss and disease prevention benefits. We examined the effectiveness of a self-administered paleo diet in improving cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Overweight, physically inactive but otherwise healthy adults (males = 4, females = 3, age 32.7 ± 4.9 years, body mass index [BMI] 29.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) habitually eating a traditional Western diet (1853.4 ± 441.2 kcal; 34.0% carbohydrate; 41.4% fat; 19.2% protein) completed an ad libitum self-administered paleo diet for 8 weeks. Height, weight, blood pressure, and a fasting blood sample were collected pre– and post–paleo dietary intervention. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting cardiometabolic disease biomarkers—including brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, and leptin. After 8 weeks, body mass (−5.3 kg, P = .008), BMI (−1.7 kg/m2, P = .002), serum leptin (−56.2%, P = .012), serum FGF21 (−26.7%, P = .002), and serum BDNF (−25.8%, P = .045) significantly decreased. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were unchanged following the paleo dietary intervention ( P > .05). Average energy intake (−412.6 kcal, P = .016) significantly decreased with the paleo dietary intervention mostly due to a reduction in carbohydrate consumption (−69.2 g; P = .003). An 8-week self-administered paleo dietary intervention was effective in improving cardiometabolic disease risk factors in a healthy, physically inactive overweight adult population.

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Study on the Independent Effect of Thyroid Hormone Based on Uric Acid Level on NAFLD

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57338/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

guanqun chao ◽

Liying Chen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objective:This study aims to further explain the correlation among NAFLD, hyperuricemia and thyroid function and to find independent risk factors for each other.Methods:Datas were obtained from subjects who underwent health examination in the Health promotion centre of Sir Run Run Shaw hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2017 to February 2019.The diagnosis of NAFLD was according to the clinical diagnosis of the Guidelines.Serum uric acid (SUA) >360 mol/L (female) and SUA>420 mol/L (male) were enrolled in the hyperuricemia group.R software was used for statistical analysis.Results:55,449 subjects were included in the analysis.Gender ratio, age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, glutamate transaminase, glutamate transaminase, urea nitrogen, creatinine, FT3, FT4 and TSH were significantly different between the two groups.age, BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, rapid blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, AST, and uric acid were all independent risk factors for NAFLD.In the normal uric acid group, variables other than systolic blood pressure and TSH were independent factors of NAFLD.In the hyperuricemia group, all variables except systolic blood pressure, FT4 and TSH were independent factors of NAFLD.Conclusion:The level of uric acid is related to the occurrence of NAFLD. Hyperuricemia is one of the independent risk factors of NAFLD.TSH level is not related to the occurrence of NAFLD, while FT3 and FT4 may be related to NAFLD.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in North central Nigeria

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2892

Author(s):

Rifkatu S. Reng ◽

Gerald A. Onwuegbuzie ◽

Muaz Salisu ◽

Felicia Anumah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Highly Active

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder defined by cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Use of Highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients is associated with metabolic syndrome which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of MS among HAART treated HIV patients and HAART naïve patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 581 (396 females, 184 males) consenting HIV patents in the hospital. Clinical characteristics, anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, CD4 cell counts and viral load were determined using appropriate standard techniques. MS was defined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-off values.Results: The overall prevalence of MS was 10.7%, with more females 52 (13.1%) than males 10 (5.4%), p=0.005. MS in patients on HAART was 58 (15.1%) and HAART naive 4 (2.0%). Overall, waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic blood pressure (BP), triglycerides and fasting blood glucose were 82.7±11.5, 22.7±, 120.6±17.6, 77.5±10.6, 1.1±0.7 and 5.1±1.9 respectively. Patients with MS had significantly higher (p<0.05) waist circumference (94.1 vs 81.3 cm), BMI (24.8 vs 22.5 kg/m2), systolic BP (135.4 vs 118.8 mmHg), diastolic BP (86.2 vs 76.5 mmHg), triglycerides (1.3 vs 1.0 mmol/l) and fasting blood glucose (6.3 vs 4.9 mmol/l). Insulin resistance (IR) was higher in patients with MS 11.8(7.9) compared with patients without MS 5.5 (6.8) p=0.02.Conclusions: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was lower than that reported in previous works, the prevalence is much higher in the HAART treated patients. The risk of MS were high triglycerides, hypertension and abnormal fasting blood glucose. There was significant association with the traditional risk factors, age, female gender and HIV duration.

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The human microbiota is associated with cardiometabolic risk across the epidemiologic transition

10.1101/595934 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Na Fei ◽

Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé ◽

Louise Lie ◽

Danny Baghdan ◽

Kweku Bedu-Addo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

African Origin ◽

Cut Points

AbstractOral and fecal microbial biomarkers have previously been associated with cardiometabolic (CM) risk, however, no comprehensive attempt has been made to explore this association in minority populations or across different geographic regions. We characterized gut- and oral-associated microbiota and CM risk in 655 participants of African-origin, aged 25-45, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, and the United States (US). CM risk was classified using the CM risk cut-points for elevated waist circumference, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and elevated triglycerides. Gut-associated bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose. Similarly, gut bacterial beta diversity was also significantly differentiated by waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceridemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. Notably, differences in inter- and intra-personal gut microbial diversity were geographic-region specific. Participants meeting the cut-points for 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors were significantly more enriched with Lachnospiraceae, and were significantly depleted of Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, andPrevotella. The predicted relative proportions of the genes involved in the pathways for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and butyrate synthesis were also significantly differentiated by the CM risk phenotype, whereby genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine, glutarate and 4-aminobutyrate/succinate pathways and LPS synthesis pathway were enriched in participants with greater CM risk. Furthermore, inter-individual oral microbiota diversity was also significantly associated with the CM risk factors, and oral-associatedStreptococcus, Prevotella, andVeillonellawere enriched in participants with 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors. We demonstrate that in a diverse cohort of African-origin adults, CM risk is significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity, and the enrichment of specific bacterial taxa and predicted functional traits in both gut and oral environments. As well as providing new insights into the associations between the gut and oral microbiota and CM risk, this study also highlights the potential for novel therapeutic discoveries which target the oral and gut microbiota in CM risk.

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Association of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose levels among residents of rural area of Delhi: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171315 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mrinmoy Adhikary ◽

Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan ◽

Ranadip Chowdhury ◽

Shailaja Daral ◽

Neha Taneja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population

Background: Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions globally. India has largest number of diabetic population constituting major proportion worldwide. The epidemic of diabetes in India is due to the rapid epidemiological transition attributed to changes in dietary patterns and decreased physical activity apart from the role of genetic factors in the disease causation. The objectives of the study was to assess the risk factors of type 2 diabetes and to find the relation between risk factors of type 2 diabetes and fasting capillary blood glucose level among the study population.Methods: A cross sectional community based study was carried out using a semi structured, pretested, questionnaire among 432 study subjects aged 30 years and above in a randomly selected sahoorpur village under Fatehpur Beri primary health centre. The study duration was from March 2011 to February 2012. Means and proportions were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was applied. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 45 (±11.9) years. Positive family history of Diabetes was present in 14.4% of study population. History of smoking and alcohol was found in 37.5% and 8.3% respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 48.8% and 17.2% respectively. Regression showed age more than 60 years (OR 1.135, 95% CI 0.037 – 0.492), family history of diabetes (OR 4.181, 95% CI 1.734 – 10.083), higher waist circumference (OR 13.414, 95% CI 4.991 – 36.051), sedentary work (OR 3.133, 95% CI 0.032 – 0.592), obesity (OR 4.709, 95% CI 1.790 – 12.394) had higher odds of having higher fasting capillary blood glucose level. Conclusions: The study found a higher prevalence of risk factors among the study population. Risk factors showed a significant relation with higher fasting capillary blood glucose. There is a mandate for health education to motivate change in lifestyle modification among the study population.

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The Metabolic Syndrome: Comparison of Newly Proposed IDF, Modified ATP III and WHO Criteria and their Agreements

Cardiovascular Journal ◽

10.3329/cardio.v6i1.16110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AKM Mainuddin ◽

KN Choudhury ◽

KR Ahmed ◽

S Akter ◽

N Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

T Test ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Who Criteria ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) results from clustering of cardiovascular risk factors occurring in association with insulin resistance and obesity. With the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, MS is of keen interest in research. The disorder is defined in various ways, but one consolidated definition is needed to make studies comparable worldwide. The study was to determine the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh and comparison of newly proposed definition of International Diabetes Federation (IDF), modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and their agreements. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital based study. We randomly selected 229 participants. After obtaining informed written consent data collectors collected data by interview, clinical examination, anthropometric measurement and investigations. We calculated independent sample t-test means between to distinguish which risk factors were present in participants with and without MS, using SPSS v17. Results: The percentage of risk factors of MS among subjects according to different criteria was 72% of Modified ATP-III, 69% of IDF and 39% of WHO definition .In Modified NCEP ATP III when did independent sample t-test mean of BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride were present statistically significant difference between without MS and with MS (p<0.05). According to WHO criteria BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose were statistically significant (p<0.05) and similarly fasting blood glucose & triglyceride were statistically significant difference between without MS and with MS (p<0.05) according to IDF criteria.ATP III and WHO criteria showed good agreement (k 0.56) compared to ATP III with IDF (k 0.31) and WHO with IDF (k 0.11) criteria. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in Bangladesh. We detected the highest proportion of participants with MS using the ATP III definition, which emphasizes the predominant focus on the modified waist circumference for Asian participants. However, MS prevalence following WHO criteria in those with impaired glucose regulation is comparable with ATP III definition. Follow up study needed to examine the significance of MS following all definitions for the assessment of risk for diabetes and or cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular Journal Volume 6, No. 1, 2013, Page 17-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v6i1.16110

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Evaluation of the level of cortisol, capillary blood glucose, and blood pressure in response to anxiety of patients rehabilitated with complete dentures

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0763-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcelo Coelho Goiato ◽

Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva ◽

Nádia Biage Cândido ◽

Adhara Smith Nóbrega ◽

Rodrigo Antonio de Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Complete Dentures

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Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03973-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Esther H. G. Park ◽

Frances O’Brien ◽

Fiona Seabrook ◽

Jane Elizabeth Hirst

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycaemia

Abstract Background There is increasing pressure to get women and babies home rapidly after birth. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) currently get 24-h inpatient monitoring. We investigated whether a low-risk group of babies born to mothers with GDM could be defined for shorter inpatient hypoglycaemia monitoring. Methods Observational, retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in 2018. Singleton, term babies born to women with GDM and no other risk factors for hypoglycaemia, were included. Capillary blood glucose (BG) testing and clinical observations for signs of hypoglycaemia during the first 24-h after birth. BG was checked in all babies before the second feed. Subsequent testing occurred if the first result was < 2.0 mmol/L, or clinical suspicion developed for hypoglycaemia. Neonatal hypoglycaemia, defined as either capillary or venous glucose ≤ 2.0 mmol/L and/or clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring oral or intravenous dextrose (lethargy, abnormal feeding behaviour or seizures). Results Fifteen of 106 babies developed hypoglycaemia within the first 24-h. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were not predictive. All babies with hypoglycaemia had an initial capillary BG ≤ 2.6 mmol/L (Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.91–1.0). This result was validated on a further 65 babies, of whom 10 developed hypoglycaemia, in the first 24-h of life. Conclusion Using the 2.6 mmol/L threshold, extended monitoring as an inpatient could have been avoided for 60% of babies in this study. Whilst prospective validation is needed, this approach could help tailor postnatal care plans for babies born to mothers with GDM.

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Epicardial fat thickness as arterial hypertension predictor in normotensive patients with abdominal obesity

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2730 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

T Kuznetsova ◽

M Druzhilov

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Epicardial Fat Thickness ◽

Fat Thickness

Abstract Objective Arterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common diseases associated with obesity. Visceral obesity (VO) with dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue plays the main role in obesity induced HTN. Direct criteria of VO including echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) may become an additional predictor of HTN. Purpose The aim was to assess the role of echocardiographic EFT (EEFT) as a predictor of HTN in normotensive patients with abdominal obesity (AO). Methods 526 normotensive men (according to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) without therapy) with AO (waist circumference (WC) >94 cm) and SCORE <5%, without cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus were examined (age 45.1±5.0 years). The lipid and glucose profiles, creatinine, uric acid and C-reactive protein blood levels, albuminuria evaluation, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, bifunctional ABPM were performed. The values of EEFT ≥75 percentile for persons 35–45 years and 46–55 years were 4.8 mm and 5.8 mm respectively. These values used as epicardial VO criteria. Patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis due to the lipid-lowering therapy administration (n=98) were excluded from the follow-up. Re-examination with ABPM was conducted on average through 46.3±5.1 months. Data were summarized as mean ± standard error, statistical analysis conducted with paired two-tailed t-tests, Pearson χ2 criterion and multivariate regression analysis. Results Data of 406 persons were available for analysis. HTN as average daily blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg was detected in 157 (38.7%) patients. These patients were characterized by initially higher values of age (45.9±4.6 years vs 44.3±4.9 years, p<0.001), waist circumference (106.9±7.3 cm vs 104.2±7.3 cm, p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (32.0±3.3 kg/m2 vs 30.9±3.2 kg/m2, p<0.001), average daily systolic and diastolic blood pressure (120.7/74.5±4.6/3.4 mm Hg vs 118.2/73.2±5.5/3.9 mm Hg, p<0.001), EEFT (5.2±0.7 mm vs 4.4±1.0 mm, p<0.001). The epicardial VO was initially detected in 95 (23.3%) patients. In patients with HTN the initial prevalence of epicardial VO was greater (58.0% vs 23.3%, p<0.001). As predictors for the multivariate regression analysis the clinical and laboratory examinations data and EEFT were evaluated. According to the results a mathematical model for estimating the probability HTN was obtained: 0.696*fasting blood glucose + 0.198*systolic BP + 2.844*EFT – 40.166 (constant). Among these predictors EEFT was characterized by the highest standardized regression coefficient (0.302, p<0.001) (0.295, p<0.01 for fasting blood glucose, 0.035, p<0.001 for systolic BP). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test value was 0.863, the total percentage of correct classifications was 86%, the area under the ROC-curve was 0.913. Conclusions EEFT (4.8 mm for persons 35–45 years and 5.8 mm for persons 46–55 years) may be an additional predictor of HTN in normotensive patients with AO. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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