Investigation of Driver Behavior During Minimal Risk Maneuvers of Automated Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Burak Karakaya ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Automated Vehicles

First encounter effects in testing of highly automated vehicles during two experimental occasions – The need for recurrent testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Andersson ◽  
Azra Habibovic ◽  
Daban Rizgary
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Repeated Interaction ◽  
Over Time

Abstract To explore driver behavior in highly automated vehicles (HAVs), independent researchers are mainly conducting short experiments. This limits the ability to explore drivers’ behavioral changes over time, which is crucial when research has the intention to reveal human behavior beyond the first-time use. The current paper shows the methodological importance of repeated testing in experience and behavior related studies of HAVs. The study combined quantitative and qualitative data to capture effects of repeated interaction between drivers and HAVs. Each driver ( n = 8 n=8 ) participated in the experiment on two different occasions (∼90 minutes) with one-week interval. On both occasions, the drivers traveled approximately 40 km on a rural road at AstaZero proving grounds in Sweden and encountered various traffic situations. The participants could use automated driving (SAE level 4) or choose to drive manually. Examples of data collected include gaze behavior, perceived safety, as well as interviews and questionnaires capturing general impressions, trust and acceptance. The analysis shows that habituation effects were attenuated over time. The drivers went from being exhilarated on the first occasion, to a more neutral behavior on the second occasion. Furthermore, there were smaller variations in drivers’ self-assessed perceived safety on the second occasion, and drivers were faster to engage in non-driving related activities and become relaxed (e. g., they spent more time glancing off road and could focus more on non-driving related activities such as reading). These findings suggest that exposing drivers to HAVs on two (or more) successive occasions may provide more informative and realistic insights into driver behavior and experience as compared to only one occasion. Repeating an experiment on several occasions is of course a balance between the cost and added value, and future research should investigate in more detail which studies need to be repeated on several occasions and to what extent.

scholarly journals Driver intervention performance assessment as a key aspect of L3–L4 automated vehicles deployment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 845-852
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rodak ◽  
Paweł Budziszewski ◽  
Małgorzata Pędzierska ◽  
Mikołaj Kruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Driving Conditions

Abstract In L3–L4 vehicles, driving task is performed primarily by automated driving system (ADS). Automation mode permits to engage in non-driving-related tasks; however, it necessitates continuous vigilance and attention. Although the driver may be distracted, a request to intervene may suddenly occur, requiring immediate and appropriate response to driving conditions. To increase safety, automated vehicles should be equipped with a Driver Intervention Performance Assessment module (DIPA), ensuring that the driver is able to take the control of the vehicle and maintain it safely. Otherwise, ADS should regain control from the driver and perform a minimal risk manoeuvre. The paper explains the essence of DIPA, indicates possible measures, and describes a concept of DIPA framework being developed in the project.

For Those About to Rock

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tufts
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Hearing Health ◽  
Loud Music ◽  
Protective Strategies

Loud music and noisy hobbies are part of our cultural landscape. These activities can be enjoyed with minimal risk to hearing if a few commonsense guidelines are followed. Educating clients about risks and protective strategies will empower them to make informed decisions about their hearing health that best reflect their values and priorities. In this article, the author covers essential information to avoiding noise-induced hearing loss, writing in easily accessible language to better help clinicians convey this information to their clients.

Passenger Influence on Driver Behavior

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary M. Anton-Stang ◽  
Sharan E. Gay ◽  
Krista B. Kumley ◽  
Tressa Mallomo ◽  
Stace Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior

Automated Vehicles Questionnaire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Liljamo ◽  
Heikki Liimatainen ◽  
Markus Pöllänen
Keyword(s):  
Automated Vehicles

Impulsive Driver Behavior Scale--Chinese Version

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ge ◽  
Weina Qu ◽  
Mu Zhou ◽  
Türker Özkan ◽  
Pınar Bıçaksız ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Behavior Scale

X-ray Follow-up after Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Distal Forearm Fracture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Johan Sjølander ◽  
Sune Jauffred ◽  
Michael Brix ◽  
Per H. Gundtoft
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Forearm Fracture ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Distal Forearm ◽  
Forearm Fractures ◽  
Distal Forearm Fracture ◽  
Standard Regimen ◽  
Prolonged Immobilization ◽  
Distal Forearm Fractures

Abstract Background Following surgery, the standard regimen for fractures of the distal forearm includes radiographs taken 2-weeks postoperatively. However, it is unclear whether these radiographs have any therapeutic risks or benefits for patients. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of radiographs taken 2-weeks after surgery on distal forearm fractures, especially if it leads to further operations, and to establish whether this practice should be continued. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with a distal forearm fracture treated surgically with a volar locking plate at two university hospitals in Denmark. Standard aftercare at both departments is 2 weeks in a cast. Patients attend a 2-week follow-up, at which the cast is replaced with a removable orthosis and radiographs are taken. It was recorded whether these radiographs had resulted in any change of treatment in terms of further operations, prolonged immobilization, additional clinical follow-up, or additional diagnostic imaging. Results A total of 613 patients were included in the study. The radiographs led to a change of standard treatment for 3.1% of the patients. A second operation was required by 1.0%; 0.5% were treated with prolonged immobilization, and 1.6% had additional outpatient follow-up due to the findings on the radiographs. Additional diagnostic imaging was performed on 1.9% of the patients. Conclusion The radiographs taken at the 2-weeks follow-up resulted in a change of treatment in 3.1% of the cases. Given the low cost and minimal risk of radiographs of an extremity, we concluded that the benefits outweigh the costs of routine radiographs taken 2 weeks after surgical treatment of distal forearm fractures.

In-block lateralization as a new technique for mobilization of the inferior alveolar nerve: a technique case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Augusto Tomazi ◽  
Alexandre da Silveira Gerzson ◽  
Angelo Menuci Neto ◽  
André Luciano Pasinato da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Case Series ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Short Implants ◽  
Bone Atrophy ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Number Of Treatment

The edentulous atrophic posterior mandible is often a great challenge for implant rehabilitation. Although a number of treatment options have been proposed, including the use of short implants and surgical grafting techniques, in cases of severe bone atrophy, techniques for mobilization of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) have been shown to be efficient, with good results. Four female patients underwent IAN lateralization for prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior mandible from 2013 to 2019, with 1 year to 5 years and 4 months of follow-up. This case series describes a new technique for mobilization of the IAN, named in-block lateralization, to facilitate access to the IAN and to reduce nerve manipulation. The implant is immediately installed (allowing nerve lateralization in unitary spaces) and the original mandibular anatomy is restored with autogenous bone from the original bed during the same surgical procedure. When well indicated and well performed, this new approach provides better and easier visualization of the IAN as well as safer manipulation aiming to achieve good results for implant stability and minimal risk of neurosensory disturbances, allowing rehabilitation even in unitary spaces.

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