Deinstitutionalization and Alternative Care Systems: A Case Study of Children Without Parental Care in Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Amira Hossam Abdel Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Care Systems

Information as Change Agent or Barrier in Health Care Reform?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alan C. Gillies ◽  
John Howard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Care Systems

Health care systems across the world are in a state of flux. If the experience of the early 1990s can be used as a model, the recent global economic downturn will lead to very significant pressures to reduce spending and achieve better value. Systems have provided a range of approaches to modeling and evaluating these more complex organizations, from simple process models to complex adaptive systems. This paper considers the pros and cons of such approaches and proposes a new modeling approach that combines the best elements of other techniques. This paper also describes a case study, where the approach has been deployed by the authors. The case study comes from health care services in Ontario, Canada, who are shifting from the traditionally hospital-based system to one that recognizes a greater role for community and primary care services.

PDAs as Mobile-Based Health Information Deployment Platforms for Ambulatory Care

2008 ◽  
pp. 1022-1039
Author(s):  
Jason Sargent ◽  
Carole Alcock ◽  
Lois Burgess ◽  
Joan Cooper ◽  
Damian Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
End User ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
A Current

This chapter discusses the broad theme of clinician-centric end-user acceptance toward the adoption of personal digital assistants (PDAs) as mobile-based health information deployment platforms within ambulatory care service settings. Personal digital assistants, ambulatory care, and point of care are defined and the interrelatedness of each discussed. Issues, controversies, and problems such as mapping existing workflows, security, and change management are identified, and solutions are suggested for the process of transforming predominantly paper-based ambulatory care systems into electronic point-of-care (ePOC) systems. A current research and development project, the ePOC PDA project, is used as a case study to highlight discussion points. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate end-user implications and considerations when introducing ePOC systems into ambulatory care service settings and highlight ways and means of improving future levels of acceptance and support of ePOC systems for clinician end users.

scholarly journals Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Johana Goyes Vallejos ◽  
Karim Ramirez-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Mortality Causes

Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica. Members of the family Centrolenidae—commonly known as “glass frogs”—exhibit arboreal egg-laying behavior, depositing their clutches on riparian vegetation. Few studies have investigated specific causes of mortality during embryonic stages, perhaps the most vulnerable stage during the anuran life cycle. The Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, was used as a case study to investigate the causes of embryonic mortality in a species with short-term (i.e., less than 1 day) parental care. The specific sources of mortality of eggs of E. prosoblepon were quantified and overall rates of survival (hatching success) were estimated. Nineteen egg clutches were transferred from permanent outside enclosures to the wild. Clutch development was monitored daily until hatching; five mortality causes were quantified: desiccation, failure to develop, fungal infection, predation, and “rain-stripped.” The main causes of mortality were predation (often by katydids and wasps) and embryos stripped from the leaf during heavy rains. The results were compared to those of previous studies of centrolenids exhibiting parental care, and discussed in the context of the importance of the natural history data for these frogs with regard to understanding the evolutionary history of parental care in glass frogs.

Implementing Distress Screening in a Community and Veteran’s Administration Oncology Clinic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Montgomery ◽  
Nicole Thurston ◽  
Michelle Betts ◽  
C. Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Community Oncology ◽  
Care Systems

The complexities of cancer treatment present a myriad of life-altering impacts for patients. These impacts can be addressed only if health care systems have been designed to detect and address all of these challenges. One significant, but often hidden, challenge is distress. This reaction to the myriad obstacles that cancer presents can impact the quality of life, and influence outcomes, of patients with cancer. Health systems have been slow to address these problems, and a prime example is the implementation of a distress screening and management system. This case study summarizes distress screening in a community oncology clinic compared to a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) oncology clinic. The community clinic responded to accreditation and grant-driven initiatives, whereas the VA responded to mental health and integrated primary care initiatives. This case study explores the history and the ongoing challenges of distress screening in these community-based health care systems.

scholarly journals Sex roles, parental care and offspring growth in two contrasting coucal species

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Ignas Safari ◽  
Christina Muck ◽  
Ingrid Schwabl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Uniparental Care ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio

The decision to provide parental care is often associated with trade-offs, because resources allocated to parental care typically cannot be invested in self-maintenance or mating. In most animals, females provide more parental care than males, but the reason for this pattern is still debated in evolutionary ecology. To better understand sex differences in parental care and its consequences, we need to study closely related species where the sexes differ in offspring care. We investigated parental care in relation to offspring growth in two closely related coucal species that fundamentally differ in sex roles and parental care, but live in the same food-rich habitat with a benign climate and have a similar breeding phenology. Incubation patterns differed and uniparental male black coucals fed their offspring two times more often than female and male white-browed coucals combined. Also, white-browed coucals had more ‘off-times’ than male black coucals, during which they perched and preened. However, these differences in parental care were not reflected in offspring growth, probably because white-browed coucals fed their nestlings a larger proportion of frogs than insects. A food-rich habitat with a benign climate may be a necessary, but—perhaps unsurprisingly—is not a sufficient factor for the evolution of uniparental care. In combination with previous results (Goymann et al . 2015 J. Evol. Biol . 28 , 1335–1353 ( doi:10.1111/jeb.12657 )), these data suggest that white-browed coucals may cooperate in parental care, because they lack opportunities to become polygamous rather than because both parents were needed to successfully raise all offspring. Our case study supports recent theory suggesting that permissive environmental conditions in combination with a particular life history may induce sexual selection in females. A positive feedback loop among sexual selection, body size and adult sex-ratio may then stabilize reversed sex roles in competition and parental care.

scholarly journals Building integrated care systems: a case study of Bidasoa Integrated Health Organisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Toro Polanco ◽  
Iñaki Berraondo Zabalegui ◽  
Itziar Pérez Irazusta ◽  
Roberto Nuño Solinis ◽  
Mario Del Río Cámara
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
Care Systems

scholarly journals Asystent rodziny jako forma wsparcia rodziny z wieloma problemami

2016 ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Magda Urbańska
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Func Tions ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Multiproblem Families

Many modern families face problems that hinder optimum functioning as a family or make it even impossible. Numerous overlapping adverse phenomena, including, but not limited to, unemployment, poverty, helplessness as regards childcare and upbringing matters, addictions, family violence, chronic illness or disability are reflected in prob-lems within a family. The foregoing calls for a greater support provided by social services to the multiproblem families.One of the new forms of helping the multiproblem families is family assis-tantship that was introduced under the Act of 9 June 2011 concerning family sup-port and alternative care systems. Fam-ily assistant is responsible for carrying out individualized, in-depth work with a family experiencing difficulties in fulfilling the childcare and upbringing func-tions and is responsible for supporting them during the process of change. Pro-fessional support provided by a family assistant gives a chance to many fami-lies to overcome difficulties and prevents placement of children under alternative care.

scholarly journals Subcategorizing the Expected Value of Perfect Implementation to Identify When and Where to Invest in Implementation Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Kasper Johannesen ◽  
Magnus Janzon ◽  
Tomas Jernberg ◽  
Martin Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Absolute

Purpose. Clinical practice variations and low implementation of effective and cost-effective health care technologies are a key challenge for health care systems and may lead to suboptimal treatment and health loss for patients. The purpose of this work was to subcategorize the expected value of perfect implementation (EVPIM) to enable estimation of the absolute and relative value of eliminating slow, low, and delayed implementation. Methods. Building on the EVPIM framework, this work defines EVPIM subcategories to estimate the expected value of eliminating slow, low, or delayed implementation. The work also shows how information on regional implementation patterns can be used to estimate the value of eliminating regional implementation variation. The application of this subcategorization is illustrated by a case study of the implementation of an antiplatelet therapy for the secondary prevention after myocardial infarction in Sweden. Incremental net benefit (INB) estimates are based on published cost-effectiveness assessments and a threshold of SEK 250,000 (£22,300) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Results. In the case study, slow, low, and delayed implementation was estimated to represent 22%, 34%, and 44% of the total population EVPIM (2941 QALYs or SEK 735 million), respectively. The value of eliminating implementation variation across health care regions was estimated to 39% of total EVPIM (1138 QALYs). Conclusion. Subcategorizing EVPIM estimates the absolute and relative value of eliminating different parts of suboptimal implementation. By doing so, this approach could help decision makers to identify which parts of suboptimal implementation are contributing most to total EVPIM and provide the basis for assessing the cost and benefit of implementation activities that may address these in future implementation of health care interventions.

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