Identification of Elite, High Yielding and Stable Maize Cultivars for Rwandan Mid-altitude Environments

2014 ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
C. Ngaboyisonga ◽  
F. Nizeyimana ◽  
A. Nyombayire ◽  
M. K. Gafishi ◽  
J. Ininda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Cultivars

scholarly journals HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Su ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Tao Cui ◽  
Xiaojun Gao ◽  
Guoyi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Mechanical Crushing

Abstract Background How to control the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is lacking a reliable method for assessing the relation between kernel damage susceptibility and threshing quality. The design, construction, and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. HANDY can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage to the kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on the susceptibility of damage kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 r/min and the centrifugal disc type is curved. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.9) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY. Five maize cultivars are identified with higher damage resistance among 21 tested candidate varieties. Conclusions The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of the mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains and provides technical support for breeding and screening maize varieties that are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

scholarly journals Two maize cultivars of contrasting leaf size show different leaf elongation rates with identical patterns of extension dynamics and coordination

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Vidal ◽  
Hafssa Aissaoui ◽  
Sabrina Rehali ◽  
Bruno Andrieu
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Extension

Abstract Simulating leaf development from initiation to maturity opens new possibilities to model plant–environment interactions and the plasticity of plant architecture. This study analyses the dynamics of leaf production and extension along a maize (Zea mays) shoot to assess important modelling choices. Maize plants from two cultivars originating from the same inbred line, yet differing in the length of mature leaves were used in this study. We characterised the dynamics of the blade and sheath lengths of all phytomers by dissecting plants every 2–3 days. We analysed how differences in leaf size were built up and we examined the coordination between the emergence of organs and phases of their extension. Leaf extension rates were higher in the cultivar with longer leaves than in the cultivar with shorter leaves; no differences were found in other aspects. We found that (i) first post-embryonic leaves were initiated at a markedly higher rate than upper leaves; (ii) below ear position, sheaths were initiated at a time intermediate between tip emergence and appearance, while above the ear position, sheaths were initiated at a high rate, such that the time interval between the blade and sheath initiations decreased for these leaves; and (iii) ear position also marked a change in the correlation in size between successive phytomers with little correlation of size between upper and lower leaves. Our results identified leaf extension rate as the reason for the difference in size between the two cultivars. The two cultivars shared the same pattern for the timing of initiation events, which was more complex than previously thought. The differences described here may explain some inaccuracies reported in functional-structural plant models. We speculate that genotypic variation in behaviour for leaf and sheath initiation exists, which has been little documented in former studies.

scholarly journals Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4461
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asaad Bashir ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Relative Water

Soil pollution with heavy metal is a serious problem across the globe and is on the rise due to the current intensification of chemical industry. The leather industry is one of them, discharging chromium (Cr) in huge quantities during the process of leather tanning and polluting the nearby land and water resources, resulting in deterioration of plant growth. In this study, the effects of biochar application at the rate of 3% were studied on four maize cultivars, namely NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985, grown in two different tannery polluted Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) soils. Maize plants were harvested at vegetative growth and results showed that Cr toxicity adversely not only affected their growth, physiology, and biochemistry, but also accumulated in their tissues. However, the level of Cr toxicity, accumulation, and its influence on maize cultivars varied greatly in both soils. In this pot experiment, biochar application played a crucial role in lessening the Cr toxicity level, resulting in significant increase in plant height, biomass (fresh and dry), leaf area, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, and relative water content (RWC) over treatment set as a control. However, applied biochar significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content, soluble sugars, and available fraction of Cr in soil as well as Cr (VI and III) concentration in root and shoot tissues of maize plant. In addition to this, maize cultivar differences were also found in relation to their tolerance to Cr toxicity and cultivar P-1543 performed better over other cultivars in both soils. In conclusion, biochar application in tannery polluted soils could be an efficient ecofriendly approach to reduce the Cr toxicity and to promote plant health and growth.

Trends in drought tolerance in Chinese maize cultivars from the 1950s to the 2000s

2017 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Sun ◽  
Xiaoling Liang ◽  
Degui Zhang ◽  
Xinhai Li ◽  
Zhuanfang Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
The 1950S

Responses of Chilo partellus to material obtained from susceptible and resistant maize cultivars: Electrophysiology and behaviour

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
S. M. Waladde ◽  
H. M. Kahoro ◽  
E. D. Kokwaro ◽  
M. Chimtawi
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Maize Cultivars

Gains in Grain Yield of Early Maize Cultivars Developed During Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments

Crop Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Badu-Apraku ◽  
M. A. B. Fakorede ◽  
M. Oyekunle ◽  
G. C. Yallou ◽  
K. Obeng-Antwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Multiple Environments

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize cultivars in competition with weeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
P.I.B. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
J.L.B. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Ground Part

The reduction in herbicide use is one of the greatest interests for modern agriculture and several alternatives are being investigated with this objective, including the adoption of cultivars that suppress weeds. The objective of this study was to verify if maize cultivars develop differently, in competition with weeds, to produce green ears and grain. Randomized complete block design was used, with split-plots and five replications. Cultivars DKB 390, DKB 466, DKB 350, AG 7000, AG 7575 and Master, were evaluated in the plots, without weeding and two weedings (at 22 and 41 days after sowing) in sub plots. Twenty-one species were identified in the experimental area, the most frequent being Gramineae (Poaceae), Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and Convolvulaceae species. There was no difference in the dry biomass above-ground part of the weeds in the plots of the evaluated cultivars. The cultivars behaved similarly in treatments with or without hoeing, except for plant height and ear height evaluations. Without hoeing, plant height increased in cultivar DKB 390, while plant height and ear height decreased in cultivar AG 7575. In the other cultivars, these traits did not change under weed control. The presence of weeds decreased the values of all traits employed to assess green corn yield, with the exception of the total number of green ears and grain yield.

scholarly journals Observed and estimated leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josana Andreia Langner ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Angelica Durigon ◽  
Stefanía Dalmolin da Silva ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Leaf Appearance

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the simulations of leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars using the CSM-CERES-Maize (linear) and the Wang and Engel models (nonlinear). The coefficients of the models were calibrated using a data set of total leaf number collected in the 11/04/2013 sowing date for the landrace varieties ‘Cinquentinha’ and ‘Bico de Ouro’ and the simple hybrid ‘AS 1573PRO’. For the ‘BRS Planalto’ variety, model coefficients were estimated with data from 12/13/2014 sowing date. Evaluation of the models was with independent data sets collected during the growing seasons of 2013/2014 (Experiment 1) and 2014/2015 (Experiment 2) in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Total number of leaves for both landrace and improved maize varieties was better estimated with the Wang and Engel model, with a root mean square error of 1.0 leaf, while estimations with the CSM-CERES-Maize model had a root mean square error of 1.5 leaf.

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