Practice and Task Experience Change the Gradient Organization in the Resting Brain

2014 ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Haiyan Zhou ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
JiaLiang Guo ◽  
Xiaojing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Experience ◽  
And Task

Test Anxiety, Reading Rate and Task Experience

1966 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith M. Gifford ◽  
Albert R. Marston
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
And Task

Modulation of Executive Control in the Task Switching Paradigm With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo Strobach ◽  
Daria Antonenko ◽  
Tamara Schindler ◽  
Agnes Flöel ◽  
Torsten Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Mixing Costs ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
And Task

Abstract. Executive processing in the task switching paradigm is primarily associated with activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC), demonstrated in numerous functional imaging studies (e.g., Brass & von Cramon, 2002 ). However, there are only very few attempts to modulate neural activation related with executive functions and to investigate the effects of this modulation on the performance in this paradigm. To modulate lPFC activity here, we used the non-invasive transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS; atDCS [1 mA, 20 min] vs. ctDCS [1 mA, 20 min] vs. sham stimulation [1 mA, 30 s]) over the left inferior frontal junction under conditions of single tasks, task repetitions, and task switches in the task switching paradigm. We assessed the performance effects of online tDCS on mixing costs (single tasks vs. task repetitions) as well as on switching costs (task repetitions vs. task switches). In a within-subjects design across three sessions, there was no evidence of stimulation on the magnitude of these cost types. However, when taking a between-subjects perspective in the first session (i.e., after excluding dominant effects of task experience), atDCS showed an increase in mixing costs in contrast to ctDCS and sham. We interpreted this finding in the context of task switching theories on task activation and task inhibition and their neural localizations.

Efficacy-Performance Spirals: An Empirical Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Shea ◽  
Jane M. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Performance Spirals ◽  
Over Time ◽  
And Task

This study examined the pattern of the relationships between self-efficacy and performance in an experiment involving 148 students who worked on a manufacturing task over four trials. Task feedback and task experience, two variables that may influence the occurrence of efficacy-performance spirals, were also investigated. Results indicated strong support for a significant relationship between self-efficacy and performance over time. However, the pattern of changes in self-efficacy and performance from trial-to-trial contained self-corrections, suggesting that the efficacy-performance relationship does not necessarily proceed in a monotonic, deviation-amplifying spiral. Task feedback and task experience affected the occurrence of self-corrections in the pattern of changes in self-efficacy and performance over time. Implications are drawn about the dynamic nature of self-efficacy.

Seniority in the generational transition of laboratory groups: The effects of social familiarity and task experience

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester A. Insko ◽  
Robert Gilmore ◽  
Debra Moehle ◽  
Angela Lipsitz ◽  
Sarah Drenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Familiarity ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Generational Transition ◽  
And Task
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