7 The Art of Networking: Vegetative Hyphal Fusion in Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Fleißner ◽  
Antonio Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

scholarly journals Doing it alone: Unisexual reproduction in filamentous ascomycete fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Andi M. Wilson ◽  
Raphael Gabriel ◽  
Steven W. Singer ◽  
Timo Schuerg ◽  
P. Markus Wilken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Unisexual Reproduction ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

scholarly journals Unique Patterns of Mating Pheromone Presence and Absence could Result in the Ambiguous Sexual Behaviours of Colletotrichum Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Melissa Wilson ◽  
RV Lelwala ◽  
PWJ Taylor ◽  
MJ Wingfield ◽  
BD WINGFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mating Partner ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Sexual Progeny

Abstract Background: Colletotrichum species are known to engage in unique sexual behaviours that differ significantly from the mating strategies of other filamentous ascomycete species. Most ascomycete fungi require the expression of both the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes to regulate mating type and induce sexual reproduction. In contrast, all isolates of Colletotrichum are known to harbour only the MAT1-2-1 gene and yet, are capable of recognizing suitable mating partners and producing sexual progeny. The molecular mechanisms contributing to mating types and behaviours in Colletotrichum are thus unknown. Results: A comparative genomics approach analysing genomes from 47 Colletotrichum isolates was used to elucidate a putative molecular mechanism underlying the unique sexual behaviours observed in Colletotrichum species. The existence of only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was confirmed across all species included in this study. Comparisons at the loci harbouring the two mating pheromones and their cognate receptors revealed interesting patterns of gene presence and absence as well as gene loss. The results also showed that these genes have been lost multiple times over the evolutionary history of this genus. Conclusion: The multiple losses of the pheromone genes in these species suggest strong selection against the typical mating strategies seen in other species. This further suggests that these pheromones no longer play a role in mating type determination and that the species of this genus have undiscovered mechanisms by which to control mating type and mating partner recognition. This research thus provides a base from which further interrogation of this topic can take place.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Manganese(II) Oxidation by Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi Vary With Species and Time as a Function of Secretome Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Zeiner ◽  
Samuel O. Purvine ◽  
Erika Zink ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
Ljiljana Paša-Tolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
Gmc Oxidoreductase ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Glyoxal Oxidase

Manganese (Mn) oxides are among the strongest oxidants and sorbents in the environment, and Mn(II) oxidation to Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides includes both abiotic and microbially-mediated processes. While white-rot Basidiomycete fungi oxidize Mn(II) using laccases and manganese peroxidases in association with lignocellulose degradation, the mechanisms by which filamentous Ascomycete fungi oxidize Mn(II) and a physiological role for Mn(II) oxidation in these organisms remain poorly understood. Here we use a combination of chemical and in-gel assays and bulk mass spectrometry to demonstrate secretome-based Mn(II) oxidation in three phylogenetically diverse Ascomycetes that is mechanistically distinct from hyphal-associated Mn(II) oxidation on solid substrates. We show that Mn(II) oxidative capacity of these fungi is dictated by species-specific secreted enzymes and varies with secretome age, and we reveal the presence of both Cu-based and FAD-based Mn(II) oxidation mechanisms in all 3 species, demonstrating mechanistic redundancy. Specifically, we identify candidate Mn(II)-oxidizing enzymes as tyrosinase and glyoxal oxidase in Stagonospora sp. SRC1lsM3a, bilirubin oxidase in Stagonospora sp. and Paraconiothyrium sporulosum AP3s5-JAC2a, and GMC oxidoreductase in all 3 species, including Pyrenochaeta sp. DS3sAY3a. The diversity of the candidate Mn(II)-oxidizing enzymes identified in this study suggests that the ability of fungal secretomes to oxidize Mn(II) may be more widespread than previously thought.

scholarly journals SO, a Protein Involved in Hyphal Fusion in Neurospora crassa, Localizes to Septal Plugs

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Fleiβner ◽  
N. Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Sealing Material ◽  
Woronin Body ◽  
Local Injury ◽  
Extensive Damage

ABSTRACT The colony of a filamentous ascomycete fungus typically grows as a multinucleate syncytium. While this syncytial organization has developmental advantages, it bears the risk of extensive damage caused by local injury of hyphae. Loss of cytoplasm in injured hyphae is restricted by the fast and efficient sealing of the central pores of hyphal crosswalls, or septa, by a peroxisome-derived organelle called the Woronin body. The formation of septal plugs is also associated with development and leads to separation of certain parts of the colony. Septal plugs associated with developmental processes or aging hyphae typically occur by the accumulation of sealing material. Here we report that in Neurospora crassa, a protein necessary for hyphal fusion and proper colony development called SO (SOFT) localizes to septal plugs. In response to injury, SO accumulates at the septal plug in a Woronin body-independent manner. However, the presence of the Woronin body affects the speed of accumulation of SO at the septal pore. We determined that SO contributes to, but is not essential for, septal plugging. SO accumulation was also observed at septal plugs formed during hyphal aging and during programmed cell death mediated by genetic differences at heterokaryon incompatibility (het) loci.

scholarly journals The so Locus Is Required for Vegetative Cell Fusion and Postfertilization Events in Neurospora crassa

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Fleißner ◽  
Sovan Sarkar ◽  
David J. Jacobson ◽  
M. Gabriela Roca ◽  
Nick D. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Ascomycete Yeast

ABSTRACT The process of cell fusion is a basic developmental feature found in most eukaryotic organisms. In filamentous fungi, cell fusion events play an important role during both vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. We employ the model organism Neurospora crassa to dissect the mechanisms of cell fusion and cell-cell communication involved in fusion processes. In this study, we characterized a mutant with a mutation in the gene so, which exhibits defects in cell fusion. The so mutant has a pleiotropic phenotype, including shortened aerial hyphae, an altered conidiation pattern, and female sterility. Using light microscopy and heterokaryon tests, the so mutant was shown to possess defects in germling and hyphal fusion. Although so produces conidial anastomosis tubes, so germlings did not home toward wild-type germlings nor were wild-type germlings attracted to so germlings. We employed a trichogyne attraction and fusion assay to determine whether the female sterility of the so mutant is caused by impaired communication or fusion failure between mating partners. so showed no defects in attraction or fusion between mating partners, indicating that so is specific for vegetative hyphal fusion and/or associated communication events. The so gene encodes a protein of unknown function, but which contains a WW domain; WW domains are predicted to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Database searches showed that so was conserved in the genomes of filamentous ascomycete fungi but was absent in ascomycete yeast and basidiomycete species.

scholarly journals Expression of the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express in filamentous ascomycete fungi

2003 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Mikkelsen ◽  
Sabrina Sarrocco ◽  
Mette Lübeck ◽  
Dan Funck Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

scholarly journals A novel mode of chromosomal evolution peculiar to filamentous Ascomycete fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. R45 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K Hane ◽  
Thierry Rouxel ◽  
Barbara J Howlett ◽  
Gert HJ Kema ◽  
Stephen B Goodwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

scholarly journals RNA Silencing Gene Truncation in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Hammond ◽  
J. W. Bok ◽  
M. D. Andrewski ◽  
Y. Reyes-Domínguez ◽  
C. Scazzocchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Core ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

ABSTRACT The genus Aspergillus is ideally suited for the investigation of RNA silencing evolution because it includes species that have experienced a variety of RNA silencing gene changes. Our work on this subject begins here with the model species Aspergillus nidulans. Filamentous ascomycete fungi generally each encode two of the core RNA silencing proteins, Dicer and Argonaute, but A. nidulans appears to have lost one of each to gene truncation events. Although a role in growth, development, or RNA silencing was not detected for the truncated genes, they do produce spliced and poly(A)-tailed transcripts, suggesting that they may have an undetermined biological function. Population analysis demonstrates that the truncated genes are fixed at the species level and that their full-length orthologs in a closely related species are also unstable. With these gene truncation events, A. nidulans encodes only a single intact Dicer and Argonaute. Their deletion results in morphologically and reproductively normal strains that are incapable of experimental RNA silencing. Thus, our results suggest that the remaining A. nidulans RNA silencing genes have a “nonhousekeeping” function, such as defense against viruses and transposons.

scholarly journals It’s All in the Genes: The Regulatory Pathways of Sexual Reproduction in Filamentous Ascomycetes

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson ◽  
Wilken ◽  
van der Nest ◽  
Wingfield ◽  
Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

Sexual reproduction in filamentous ascomycete fungi results in the production of highly specialized sexual tissues, which arise from relatively simple, vegetative mycelia. This conversion takes place after the recognition of and response to a variety of exogenous and endogenous cues, and relies on very strictly regulated gene, protein, and metabolite pathways. This makes studying sexual development in fungi an interesting tool in which to study gene–gene, gene–protein, and protein–metabolite interactions. This review provides an overview of some of the most important genes involved in this process; from those involved in the conversion of mycelia into sexually-competent tissue, to those involved in the development of the ascomata, the asci, and ultimately, the ascospores.

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