Bone Repair Utilizing Carbon Nanotubes

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior ◽  
Marcos Augusto de Sá ◽  
Vanessa Barbosa Andrade ◽  
Heder José Ribeiro ◽  
Anderson José Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair

Bioactive poly(etheretherketone) composite containing calcium polyphosphate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for bone repair: Mechanical property and in vitro biocompatibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Cao ◽  
Yue Lu ◽  
Hechun Chen ◽  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Chengdong Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Calcium Polyphosphate ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Poly(etheretherketone) exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and bone-like stiffness. However, the natural bio-inertness of pure poly(etheretherketone) hinders its applications in biomedical field, especially when direct bone-implant osteo-integration is desired. For developing an alternative biomaterial for load-bearing orthopedic application, combination of bioactive fillers with poly(etheretherketone) matrix is a feasible approach. In this study, a bioactive multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite was prepared through a compounding and injection-molding process for the first time. Bioactive calcium polyphosphate was added to polymer matrix to enhance the bioactivity of the composite, and incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to composite was aimed to improve both the mechanical property and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the microstructures, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical property of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite, as well as the cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells to this material were investigated. The mechanical testing revealed that mechanical performance of the resulting ternary composite was significantly enhanced by adding the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the mechanical values obtained were close to or higher than those of human cortical bone. More importantly, cell culture tests showed that initial cell adhesion, cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly promoted on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite. Accordingly, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite may be used as a promising bone repair material in dental and orthopedic applications.

Enhancement of Bone Healing by Local Administration of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Sodium Hyaluronate in Rat Tibiae

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Andrade ◽  
Marcos A. Sá ◽  
Renato M. Mendes ◽  
Paulo A. Martins-Júnior ◽  
Gerluza A.B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

It has been reported that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as nucleation sites for the deposition of bone matrix and cell proliferation. Here, we evaluated the effects of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on bone repair of rat tibiae. Furthermore, because sodium hyaluronate (HY) accelerates bone restoration, we associated CNTs with HY (HY-MWCNTs) in an attempt to boost bone repair. The bone defect was created by a 1.6-mm-diameter drill. After 7 and 14 days, tibiae were processed for histological and morphometric analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone defects. Expression of osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and collagen I (Col I) was assessed by real-time PCR. Histomorphometric analysis showed a similar increase in the percentage of bone trabeculae in tibia bone defects treated with HY and HY-MWCNTs, and both groups presented more organized and thicker bone trabeculae than nontreated defects. Tibiae treated with MWCNTs or HY- MWCNTs showed a higher expression of VEGF. Treatment with MWCNTs or HY-MWCNTs increased the expression of molecules involved in the bone repair process, such as OCN and BMP-2. Also, HY- and MWCNT-treated tibiae had an increased expression of Col I. Thus, it is tempting to conclude that CNTs associated or not with other materials such as HY emerged as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Effects of single wall carbon nanotubes and its functionalization with sodium hyaluronate on bone repair

Life Sciences ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 87 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato M. Mendes ◽  
Gerluza A.B. Silva ◽  
Marcelo V. Caliari ◽  
Edelma E. Silva ◽  
Luiz Orlando Ladeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Wall Carbon

Carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate restore bone repair in diabetic rat sockets

Oral Diseases ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sá ◽  
VB Andrade ◽  
RM Mendes ◽  
MV Caliari ◽  
LO Ladeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Diabetic Rat

scholarly journals Crystallinity and Reinforcement in Poly-L-Lactic Acid Scaffold Induced by Carbon Nanotubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyong Wang ◽  
Fangwei Qi ◽  
Wenjing Yang ◽  
Youwen Yang ◽  
Chongxian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fracture Surface Analysis ◽  
External Forces

Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) is a bioabsorbable implant material due to its favorable biocompatibility and inherent degradability, while the insufficient mechanical strength hinders its further bone repair application. In present work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into PLLA scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering. It was found that the crystallinity of PLLA increased considerably since CNTs could promote the orderly stacking of its molecular chains, thereby improving the mechanical strength of PLLA scaffold. Furthermore, the fracture surface analysis revealed that CNTs acted as a bridge across the cracks and hindered their further expansion. Moreover, CNTs pulled out from the matrix to consume a large amount of fracture energy, which enhanced the resistance to external forces. As a consequence, the compressive strength, Vickers hardness and tensile strength of the scaffold were enhanced by 22.7%, 58.8% and 17.6%, respectively. Besides, the cells exhibited good attachment, spreading and proliferation on the scaffold. This study demonstrated that PLLA/CNTs scaffold was a promising candidate as bone implant.

scholarly journals Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering: Superiority, Concerns, Current Advancements, and Prospects

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqing Pei ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Nicholas Dunne ◽  
Xiaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Engineering Technology

With advances in bone tissue regeneration and engineering technology, various biomaterials as artificial bone substitutes have been widely developed and innovated for the treatment of bone defects or diseases. However, there are no available natural and synthetic biomaterials replicating the natural bone structure and properties under physiological conditions. The characteristic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them an ideal candidate for developing innovative biomimetic materials in the bone biomedical field. Indeed, CNT-based materials and their composites possess the promising potential to revolutionize the design and integration of bone scaffolds or implants, as well as drug therapeutic systems. This review summarizes the unique physicochemical and biomedical properties of CNTs as structural biomaterials and reinforcing agents for bone repair as well as provides coverage of recent concerns and advancements in CNT-based materials and composites for bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Moreover, this review discusses the research progress in the design and development of novel CNT-based delivery systems in the field of bone tissue engineering.

Preparation and properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and eggshell dual-modified polycaprolactone composite scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Pingsheng Zhang ◽  
Yong Xin ◽  
Fanrong Ai ◽  
Chuanliang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cell Test ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract The combination of double-fillers with synthetic polymers has been an attractive route for developing bone scaffolds. In this article, polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were produced using a selective laser sintering (SLS) technique; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and eggshell (ES) were used as two fillers to improve their mechanical and osteogenic properties. The crystal phase, morphology, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the composite scaffold were detected using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle tester and in vitro cell test, respectively. Results show that ES improved the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the scaffolds obviously, whereas MWCNTs enhanced their compression and tensile strength. The PCL/ES/MWCNTs composited scaffold prepared by SLS possess excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, showing a potential application for bone repair.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Ti by carbon Nanotubes addition for bone repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 1090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012113
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rajih Hassan Wetaify ◽  
Safaa Hashim Radhi ◽  
Firas Fouad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair

Structural phenomena in the growth of carbon nanotubes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 750-751
Author(s):  
Jun Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Point To Point

HREM studies of the carbonaceous material deposited on the cathode of a Huffman-Krätschmer arc reactor have shown a rich variety of multiple-walled nano-clusters of different shapes and forms. The preparation of the samples, as well as the variety of cluster shapes, including triangular, rhombohedral and pentagonal projections, are described elsewhere.The close registry imposed on the nanotubes, focuses attention on the cluster growth mechanism. The strict parallelism in the graphitic separation of the tube walls is maintained through changes of form and size, often leading to 180° turns, and accommodating neighboring clusters and defects. Iijima et. al. have proposed a growth scheme in terms of pentagonal and heptagonal defects and their combinations in a hexagonal graphitic matrix, the first bending the surface inward, and the second outward. We report here HREM observations that support Iijima’s suggestions, and add some new features that refine the interpretation of the growth mechanism. The structural elements of our observations are briefly summarized in the following four micrographs, taken in a Hitachi H-8100 TEM operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV and with a point-to-point resolution of 0.20 nm.

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