Towards Stochastic Modeling of Neuronal Interspike Intervals Including a Time-Varying Input Signal

Author(s):  
Giuseppe D’Onofrio ◽  
Enrica Pirozzi ◽  
Marcelo O. Magnasco
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zou ◽  
Eun-Hyoung Park ◽  
Erin McCormack Kelly ◽  
Michael Egnor ◽  
Mark E. Wagshul ◽  
...  

Object The relationship between the waveform of intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure can be quantitatively characterized using a newly developed technique in systems analysis, the time-varying transfer function. This technique considers the arterial blood pressure as an input signal composed of multiple frequencies represented in the output ICP according to the transfer function imposed by the intracranial system on the input signal. The transfer function can change with time and with physiological manipulations. The authors examined data obtained from canine experiments involving manipulations of ICP. Methods The authors analyzed 11 experiments from 3 normal mongrel dogs under conditions of normal ICP and with changes in ICP made by bolus injection, infusion, or withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid by using time-varying transfer function. Results During normal ICP periods, the gain of the transfer function displayed a deep notch (≥ 1 log unit) centered at or near the cardiac frequency. In systems terms, the intracranial compartment under normal conditions appears to act as a notch filter attenuating the cardiac frequency input relative to other frequencies. Epochs of ICP elevation showed suppression of the notch, and the notch was restored when ICP returned to normal. Conclusions The intracranial system in these animals could be considered to include a pulsation absorber for which the target frequency appears to be close to the cardiac frequency. One possible source for such an absorber mechanism might be the free movement of cerebrospinal fluid, implying that impairment of this motion may have important clinical implications in various neurological conditions such as hydrocephalus.


2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Olama ◽  
Seddik M. Djouadi ◽  
Charalambos D. Charalambous

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
F. H. Palmer ◽  
G. F. Lyon

Pulse-counting techniques allow the cross-correlation coefficient between two time-varying signals to be rapidly evaluated, if the two signals are first converted to pulse trains whose repetition frequencies are proportional to the respective amplitudes. Equipment using this technique is described. Estimates are given of the overall accuracy of the device for various types of input signal and for various signal durations. Provided the depth of modulation of the signals is over 50%, their cross-correlation coefficient may be determined to an accuracy of ± 0.05 for sample lengths of 2 minutes. The application of the system to the determination of cross-correlation coefficients of v.h.f. forward-scattered signals received on spaced antennae is also described.


Author(s):  
A Bartoszewicz ◽  
A Nowacka

In this paper a new sliding mode control algorithm for the third-order non-linear, time-varying, uncertain system subject to unknown disturbance is proposed. Since the conventional input constraints expressed by inequalities are often impractical, in this paper the situation is considered where the input signal is subject to elastic constraint. It is assumed that the threshold value of the system input signal is known and exceeding this value is undesirable but possible if justified by essential improvement of the system performance. The proposed algorithm employs a time-varying switching plane. At the initial time the plane passes through the point determined by the system initial conditions in the error state space and afterwards moves with a constant velocity to the origin of the space. The plane is designed in such a way that fast error convergence is achieved using limited control input. By this means, the reaching phase is eliminated, insensitivity of the system to external disturbance is ensured from the very beginning of the control action, and fast, monotonic error convergence to zero is achieved. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the conventional input constraint expressed by an inequality is a limit case of the elastic constraint considered in the paper.


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