Signaling Pathways in Dental Stem Cells During Their Maintenance and Differentiation

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Genxia Liu ◽  
Shu Ma ◽  
Yixiang Zhou ◽  
Yadie Lu ◽  
Lin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Dental Stem Cells

scholarly journals Generation and Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by Plasma, Lasers, Chemical Agents, and Other Systems in Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayansi Jha ◽  
Jae Jun Ryu ◽  
Eun Ha Choi ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) has been found to occur during inflammatory procedures, during cell ischemia, and in various crucial developmental processes such as cell differentiation and along cell signaling pathways. The most common sources of intracellular RONS are the mitochondrial electron transport system, NADH oxidase, and cytochrome P450. In this review, we analyzed the extracellular and intracellular sources of reactive species, their cell signaling pathways, the mechanisms of action, and their positive and negative effects in the dental field. In dentistry, ROS can be found—in lasers, photosensitizers, bleaching agents, cold plasma, and even resin cements, all of which contribute to the generation and prevalence of ROS. Nonthermal plasma has been used as a source of ROS for biomedical applications and has the potential for use with dental stem cells as well. There are different types of dental stem cells, but their therapeutic use remains largely untapped, with the focus currently on only periodontal ligament stem cells. More research is necessary in this area, including studies about ROS mechanisms with dental cells, along with the utilization of reactive species in redox medicine. Such studies will help to provide successful treatment modalities for various diseases.

scholarly journals Human Amniotic Membrane as a Matrix for Endothelial Differentiation of VEGF-Treated Dental Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurnasihah Md Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Fuad Hilmi Yusof ◽  
Wafa’ Zahari ◽  
Hamshawagini Chandra ◽  
Khairul Bariah Ahmad Amin Noordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Endothelial Differentiation ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Dental Stem Cells

Cell signaling pathways as molecular targets to eliminate AML stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 103277
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina B. da C. Rodrigues ◽  
Rafaela G.A. Costa ◽  
Suellen L.R. Silva ◽  
Ingrid R.S.B. Dias ◽  
Rosane B. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

scholarly journals Akt signaling is activated by TGFβ2 and impacts tenogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia K. Theodossiou ◽  
Jett B. Murray ◽  
LeeAnn A. Hold ◽  
Jeff M. Courtright ◽  
Anne M. Carper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Tenogenic Differentiation

Abstract Background Tissue engineered and regenerative approaches for treating tendon injuries are challenged by the limited information on the cellular signaling pathways driving tenogenic differentiation of stem cells. Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β family, particularly TGFβ2, play a role in tenogenesis, which may proceed via Smad-mediated signaling. However, recent evidence suggests some aspects of tenogenesis may be independent of Smad signaling, and other pathways potentially involved in tenogenesis are understudied. Here, we examined the role of Akt/mTORC1/P70S6K signaling in early TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and evaluated TGFβ2-induced tenogenic differentiation when Smad3 is inhibited. Methods Mouse MSCs were treated with TGFβ2 to induce tenogenesis, and Akt or Smad3 signaling was chemically inhibited using the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, or the Smad3 inhibitor, SIS3. Effects of TGFβ2 alone and in combination with these inhibitors on the activation of Akt signaling and its downstream targets mTOR and P70S6K were quantified using western blot analysis, and cell morphology was assessed using confocal microscopy. Levels of the tendon marker protein, tenomodulin, were also assessed. Results TGFβ2 alone activated Akt signaling during early tenogenic induction. Chemically inhibiting Akt prevented increases in tenomodulin and attenuated tenogenic morphology of the MSCs in response to TGFβ2. Chemically inhibiting Smad3 did not prevent tenogenesis, but appeared to accelerate it. MSCs treated with both TGFβ2 and SIS3 produced significantly higher levels of tenomodulin at 7 days and morphology appeared tenogenic, with localized cell alignment and elongation. Finally, inhibiting Smad3 did not appear to impact Akt signaling, suggesting that Akt may allow TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis to proceed during disruption of Smad3 signaling. Conclusions These findings show that Akt signaling plays a role in TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis and that tenogenesis of MSCs can be initiated by TGFβ2 during disruption of Smad3 signaling. These findings provide new insights into the signaling pathways that regulate tenogenic induction in stem cells.

scholarly journals Partial promoter substitutions generating transcriptional sentinels of diverse signaling pathways in embryonic stem cells and mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 956-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Serup ◽  
C. Gustavsen ◽  
T. Klein ◽  
L. A. Potter ◽  
R. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Embryonic Stem

Immunomodulatory properties and in vivo osteogenesis of human dental stem cells from fresh and cryopreserved dental follicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hoon Kang ◽  
Hye-Jin Lee ◽  
Si-Jung Jang ◽  
June-Ho Byun ◽  
Jong-Sil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells regulate maintenance of neural stem cells through VEGFR2 and Notch signaling pathways

Cell Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S59-S59
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Deng ◽  
Zhumin Liu ◽  
Wei Tu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuanlei Lou
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways

scholarly journals Today Prospects for Tissue Engineering Therapeutic Approach in Dentistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bossù ◽  
Andrea Pacifici ◽  
Daniele Carbone ◽  
Gianluca Tenore ◽  
Gaetano Ierardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Near Future

In dental practice there is an increasing need for predictable therapeutic protocols able to regenerate tissues that, due to inflammatory or traumatic events, may suffer from loss of their function. One of the topics arising major interest in the research applied to regenerative medicine is represented by tissue engineering and, in particular, by stem cells. The study of stem cells in dentistry over the years has shown an exponential increase in literature. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently been isolated and characterized from tooth-related tissues and they might represent, in the near future, a new gold standard in the regeneration of all oral tissues. The aim of our review is to provide an overview on the topic reporting the current knowledge for each class of dental stem cells and to identify their potential clinical applications as therapeutic tool in various branches of dentistry.

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