scholarly journals Algorithmic Statistics: Normal Objects and Universal Models

2016 ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Milovanov
Keyword(s):  
Universal Models

Computing Cores for Existential Rules with the Standard Chase and ASP

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Krötzsch
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Answer Set Programming ◽  
Query Answering ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Many

To reason with existential rules (a.k.a. tuple-generating dependencies), one often computes universal models. Among the many such models of different structure and cardinality, the core is arguably the “best”. Especially for finitely satisfiable theories, where the core is the unique smallest universal model, it has advantages in query answering, non-monotonic reasoning, and data exchange. Unfortunately, computing cores is difficult and not supported by most reasoners. We therefore propose ways of computing cores using practically implemented methods from rule reasoning and answer set programming. Our focus is on cases where the standard chase algorithm produces a core. We characterise this desirable situation in general terms that apply to a large class of cores, derive concrete approaches for decidable special cases, and generalise these approaches to non-monotonic extensions of existential rules.

Beyond one-way streets: The interaction of phonology, morphology, and culture with orthography

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine E. L. Beveridge ◽  
Thomas H. Bak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
Models Of Reading

AbstractFrost's claim that universal models of reading require linguistically diverse data is relevant and justified. We support it with evidence demonstrating the extent of the bias towards some Indo-European languages and alphabetic scripts in scientific literature. However, some of his examples are incorrect, and he neglects the complex interaction of writing system and language structure with history and cultural environment.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Nomination in IT Terminology in Lithuanian and English Languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Vilija Celiešienė ◽  
Saulutė Juzelėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Major Part ◽  
World View ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
Mode Of Life

Abstract Metaphorical nomination is peculiar in every language, it is related to reality and world view perception, it also reveals the traits of nation mentality. However, there are universal models of metaphorical nomination. In both languages, special concepts can be nominated according to similar areas, e.g. human body, its physiological and mental peculiarities, mode of life, fauna, flora, objects of natural world, etc. The aim of this article is to analyse tendencies of metaphorical nominations in IT terminology in English and Lithuanian languages, reveal universalities and peculiarities of metaphorical nomination models. Research data of Lithuanian metaphorical terms and their English equivalents show that semantic loan-words constitute the major part of Lithuanian metaphorical terms. Consequently, their metaphorical meanings are borrowed but a substantial part of them are fairly motivated in the Lithuanian language and only a small part of them have a doubtful motivation. Having analysed various ways of metaphorical transference it is possible to claim that figurative nomination of concepts is the most universal with reference to flora names and items of mode of life. It is noted that there is a tendency to nominate concepts meaning particular objects in both English and Lithuanian languages whereas analogies of abstract things are less abundant.

Biological Traits in Artificial Self-Reproducing Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bilotta ◽  
Pietro Pantano
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Biological Cell ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Self Replication ◽  
The Way

This article presents an artificial taxonomy of 2-D, self-replicating cellular automata (CA) that can be considered as proto-organisms for structure replication. The authors found that the process of self-reproduction is a widespread mechanism. In fact, self-reproducers in 2-D CA are very common and the authors discovered almost 10 methods of self-replication. The structures these systems produce, from ordered to complex ones, are very similar to those found in biological endeavor. After examining self-replicating structures and the way they reproduce, the authors consider their behavior in relation to the patterns they realize and to the function they manifest in realizing artificial organisms. According to the authors, many methods produced by CA are based on universal models of biological cell development. The relevance of such work consists in the goal of modeling the evolution of living systems that can lead us to a better understanding of the essential properties of life.

scholarly journals Characterizing Boundedness in Chase Variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
STATHIS DELIVORIAS ◽  
MICHEL LECLÈRE ◽  
MARIE-LAURE MUGNIER ◽  
FEDERICO ULLIANA
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
First Order Logic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Horn Rules ◽  
Boundedness Problem ◽  
Undecidable Problem

AbstractExistential rules are a positive fragment of first-order logic that generalizes function-free Horn rules by allowing existentially quantified variables in rule heads. This family of languages has recently attracted significant interest in the context of ontology-mediated query answering. Forward chaining, also known as the chase, is a fundamental tool for computing universal models of knowledge bases, which consist of existential rules and facts. Several chase variants have been defined, which differ on the way they handle redundancies. A set of existential rules is bounded if it ensures the existence of a bound on the depth of the chase, independently from any set of facts. Deciding if a set of rules is bounded is an undecidable problem for all chase variants. Nevertheless, when computing universal models, knowing that a set of rules is bounded for some chase variant does not help much in practice if the bound remains unknown or even very large. Hence, we investigate the decidability of the k-boundedness problem, which asks whether the depth of the chase for a given set of rules is bounded by an integer k. We identify a general property which, when satisfied by a chase variant, leads to the decidability of k-boundedness. We then show that the main chase variants satisfy this property, namely the oblivious, semi-oblivious (aka Skolem), and restricted chase, as well as their breadth-first versions.

Visual word recognition models should also be constrained by knowledge about the visual system

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gomez ◽  
Sarah Silins
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Models Of Reading ◽  
Reading Models

AbstractFrost's article advocates for universal models of reading and critiques recent models that concentrate in what has been described as “cracking the orthographic code.” Although the challenge to develop models that can account for word recognition beyond Indo-European languages is welcomed, we argue that reading models should also be constrained by general principles of visual processing and object recognition.

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