Future Challenges for Soil Science Research, Education, and Soil Survey in the USA

2016 ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Drohan
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Cognitive Biases in Criminal Case Evaluation: A Review of the Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Meterko ◽  
Glinda Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Case Evaluation ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Factors

AbstractPsychological heuristics are an adaptive part of human cognition, helping us operate efficiently in a world full of complex stimuli. However, these mental shortcuts also have the potential to undermine the search for truth in a criminal investigation. We reviewed 30 social science research papers on cognitive biases in criminal case evaluations (i.e., integrating and drawing conclusions based on the totality of the evidence in a criminal case), 18 of which were based on police participants or an examination of police documents. Only two of these police participant studies were done in the USA, with the remainder conducted in various European countries. The studies provide supporting evidence that lay people and law enforcement professionals alike are vulnerable to confirmation bias, and there are other environmental, individual, and case-specific factors that may exacerbate this risk. Six studies described or evaluated the efficacy of intervention strategies, with varying evidence of success. Further research, particularly in the USA, is needed to evaluate different approaches to protect criminal investigations from cognitive biases.

Journal packing density of library and information science research journals at the global level: a study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Pandita ◽  
Shivendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Journal Publishing ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
The Usa

Purpose This study aims to find out the average journal packing density (JPD) of Library and Information Science (LIS) research journals published across the world. The concept, JPD, means the average number of research articles published by a research journal in one volume. Accordingly, the undergoing study evaluates the average number of research articles published in each volume of each research journal published in the field of LIS at the global level. Some other key aspects evaluated include the number of LIS research journal publishing countries, average JPD of LIS research journals at the continental level, etc. Design/methodology/approach This study is purely based on secondary data retrieved from SCImago, which is SCOPUS data. Keeping in view the objectives of this study, the data about research articles published in all LIS research journals during the period 2015 through 2019 were retrieved to undertake the study. Findings From the data analysis, it emerged that 256 research journals duly indexed by SCOPUS are published in the field of LIS across 36 countries. In all 48,596 research articles were published from 2015 to 2019 in these research journals at an average of 44.71 research articles per journal per volume. More than 75% of LIS research journals are published from Germany, Spain, Netherlands, the USA and the UK. Research journals published from the USA have higher JPD of 53.09 research articles per journal per volume, which is 18.74% higher than the average global JPD of LIS research journals. 50% of LIS research journal publishing countries are from Europe and the majority 52.55% LIS research articles were published in European LIS research journals. The average JPD of LIS research journals published from North America is 51.73 research articles per journal per volume, which is the highest across continents. Research limitations/implications Standardization of JPD of research journals irrespective of the subject discipline they are published in is important for many reasons and the foremost being, such standardization helps in keeping at bay the predatory research journals, which normally float such packing density norms, with the sole aim to earn money in the shape of manuscript handling charges, thereby publishing a far greater number of research article in each issue of a journal than the average research articles published by a research journal. Originality/value Very few studies have been conducted around the concept JPD, especially by the authors of this particular study. This study has however been particularized to the LIS subject discipline, while the findings add to existing lot of study already undertaken, hence outcome can be generalized.

Current Trends and Future Strategies for the Global Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Chauhan ◽  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Goyal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Joshi ◽  
Deepak Kumar Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Treatment Procedures

ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) might have originated from the recombination of a Pangolin-CoV-like virus with a Bat-CoV-RaTG13-like virus and then transmitted to the human at Wuhan city of China. On February 11, 2020, the WHO announced a name for the new coronavirus disease as COVID-19. Finally, the WHO declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Within a few months, SARS-CoV-2 had spread across the world in 220 Countries, areas or territories. The main objective of this work is to review the existing knowledge about COVID-19, its updated status, available treatment procedures and future challenges. The available literature based on the COVID-19 was thoroughly reviewed and concise evidence-based information was explored for the public interest. Various authentic databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar together with the official sites of some Govt. Organizations were carefully searched for all relevant information about the current status of COVID-19 including the published research on coronavirus. More than 68 million people are already infected including around 20% severely ill with almost 1.5 million casualties due to this virus and expected to infect approximate 70% population worldwide. Currently, maximum confirmed cases and death are reported in the USA. The epicentre of the pandemic was initially shifted from China to Europe then to the USA, Brazil and now India. In between, understanding of pathogenesis and mode of transmission has been developed; repurposing drugs are being validated and development of a new vaccine is underway. The study concludes that there is no established treatment available for COVID-19, although 26 clinical and 139 preclinical trials are underway to develop vaccines globally. Although three vaccines are in advance stage of development, their efficacy and adverse effect yet to be validated and recorded. Recently, Pfizer vaccine has been started vaccination for emergency uses in England and Bahrain, and the United State of America will start it soon. Meanwhile, prevention, rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts are practiced worldwide to control its spread.

scholarly journals Soil Security in Sustainable Development

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Clear Guideline ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Five Cs ◽  
Definition Of

The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide an excellent channel to demonstrate the significance of soils when considering e.g., food production, water availability, climate mitigation and biodiversity preservation. For environmental sciences, including soil science, the SDGs provide “a point at the horizon” for future research. Progress to achieve the SDGs by 2030 will bureaucratically be monitored by targets and indicators but questions as to how effective research should be organized remain unanswered so far. The soil security concept, based on the five Cs (capability, condition, capital, connectivity and codification) can provide a clear guideline for soil science research, defining soil functions contributing to interdisciplinary ecosystem services that, in turn, can define measures to reach SDGs. A “storyline” is proposed linking the five Cs, emphasizing connectivity that becomes increasingly important in our modern “fact-free” world. The traditional linear research model does not apply when characterizing SDGs because of many conflicting interests that don’t allow definition of specific “solutions”. But different action-perspectives can be defined as a basis for decision making, creating much needed transparency in the decision process. Soil contributions are most effective when framed in the context of soil-water-atmosphere-plant models. Proper codification, including clear and candid communication with stakeholders, is essential to link science with society, a link that needs improvement.

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