On Higher Order Computations and Synaptic Meta-Plasticity in the Human Brain

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Stanisław Ambroszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Higher Order

scholarly journals Evolutionary modifications in human brain connectivity associated with schizophrenia

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 3991-4002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn P van den Heuvel ◽  
Lianne H Scholtens ◽  
Siemon C de Lange ◽  
Rory Pijnenburg ◽  
Wiepke Cahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Human Brain Evolution ◽  
The Brain

See Vértes and Seidlitz (doi:10.1093/brain/awz353) for a scientific commentary on this article. Is schizophrenia a by-product of human brain evolution? By comparing the human and chimpanzee connectomes, van den Heuvel et al. demonstrate that connections unique to the human brain show greater involvement in schizophrenia pathology. Modifications in service of higher-order brain functions may have rendered the brain more vulnerable to dysfunction.

scholarly journals Processing Information in the Clouds

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Mark Burgin ◽  
Eugene Eberbach ◽  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Incremental Learning ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Turing Machines ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Model ◽  
Processing Information

Cloud computing makes the necessary resources available to the appropriate computation to improve scaling, resiliency, and the efficiency of computations. This makes cloud computing a new paradigm for computation by upgrading its artificial intelligence (AI) to a higher order. To explore cloud computing using theoretical tools, we use cloud automata as a new model for computation. Higher-level AI requires infusing features of the human brain into AI systems such as incremental learning all the time. Consequently, we propose computational models that exhibit incremental learning without stopping (sentience). These features are inherent in reflexive Turing machines, inductive Turing machines, and limit Turing machines.

scholarly journals Why intracranial electrical stimulation of the human brain suggests an essential role for prefrontal cortex in conscious processing: a commentary on Raccah et al.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Naccache ◽  
Jean-Pierre Changeux ◽  
Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos ◽  
Stanislas Dehaene
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
Experimental Challenge ◽  
Stimulation Of

We read with interest the synthesis by Raccah and colleagues on the perturbations of consciousexperience elicited by intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in awakeneurosurgical patients. The main outcome of the review is the report that iES of the PFC shows fewercausal changes of conscious experience than iES of posterior sensory areas. The authors interpretedthis finding as a challenge to neuroscientific theories of conscious processing that attribute a centralrole to PFC, such a Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT) and Higher Order Thought theory(HOT). We agree that this anterior vs posterior issue may offer an experimental challenge that thepresent theories of conscious processing have to take up, and we provide here a list of seven majorpoints that begin to specify a GNWT account for the observations compiled by Raccah and colleaguestogether with more recent, unmentioned, data.

The integration of higher order form and motion by the human brain

NeuroImage ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1529-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Sarkheil ◽  
Quoc C. Vuong ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff ◽  
Uta Noppeney
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Form

scholarly journals The human prefrontal cortex mediates integration of potential causes behind observed outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1558-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Wunderlich ◽  
Ulrik R. Beierholm ◽  
Peter Bossaerts ◽  
John P. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Prefrontal cortex has long been implicated in tasks involving higher order inference in which decisions must be rendered, not only about which stimulus is currently rewarded, but also which stimulus dimensions are currently relevant. However, the precise computational mechanisms used to solve such tasks have remained unclear. We scanned human participants with functional MRI, while they performed a hierarchical intradimensional/extradimensional shift task to investigate what strategy subjects use while solving higher order decision problems. By using a computational model-based analysis, we found behavioral and neural evidence that humans solve such problems not by occasionally shifting focus from one to the other dimension, but by considering multiple explanations simultaneously. Activity in human prefrontal cortex was better accounted for by a model that integrates over all available evidences than by a model in which attention is selectively gated. Importantly, our model provides an explanation for how the brain determines integration weights, according to which it could distribute its attention. Our results demonstrate that, at the point of choice, the human brain and the prefrontal cortex in particular are capable of a weighted integration of information across multiple evidences.

scholarly journals Interspecies activation correlations reveal functional correspondences between marmoset and human brain areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Hori ◽  
Justine C. Cléry ◽  
David J. Schaeffer ◽  
Ravi S. Menon ◽  
Stefan Everling
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Similar Organization

AbstractThe common marmoset has enormous promise as a nonhuman primate model of human brain functions. While resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided evidence for a similar organization of marmoset and human cortices, the technique cannot be used to map the functional correspondences of brain regions between species. This limitation can be overcome by movie-driven fMRI (md-fMRI), which has become a popular tool for non-invasively mapping the neural patterns generated by rich and naturalistic stimulation. Here, we used md-fMRI in marmosets and humans to identify whole-brain functional correspondences between the two primate species. In particular, we describe functional correlates for the well-known human face, body, and scene patches in marmosets. We find that these networks have a similar organization in both species, suggesting a largely conserved organization of higher-order visual areas between New World marmoset monkeys and humans. However, while face patches in humans and marmosets were activated by marmoset faces, only human face patches responded to the faces of other animals. Together, the results demonstrate that md-fMRI is a powerful tool for interspecies functional mapping and characterization of higher-order visual functions.

Denoising of hyperpolarized 13 C MR images of the human brain using patch‐based higher‐order singular value decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaewon Kim ◽  
Hsin‐Yu Chen ◽  
Adam W. Autry ◽  
Javier Villanueva‐Meyer ◽  
Susan M. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Singular Value Decomposition ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Value Decomposition
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