Role of Cell Cycle Control, Checkpoints and DNA Repair Mechanisms in Stem Cells and Changes with Aging and Cancerogenesis

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Andreas Brown ◽  
Hartmut Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

scholarly journals DNA Damage Response in Multiple Myeloma: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Takayuki Saitoh ◽  
Tsukasa Oda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy characterized by genomic instability. MM cells present various forms of genetic instability, including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and base-pair alterations, as well as changes in chromosome number. The tumor microenvironment and an abnormal DNA repair function affect genetic instability in this disease. In addition, states of the tumor microenvironment itself, such as inflammation and hypoxia, influence the DNA damage response, which includes DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptotic pathways. Unrepaired DNA damage in tumor cells has been shown to exacerbate genomic instability and aberrant features that enable MM progression and drug resistance. This review provides an overview of the DNA repair pathways, with a special focus on their function in MM, and discusses the role of the tumor microenvironment in governing DNA repair mechanisms.

Role of cell cycle control in radiosensitization of mouse spermatogonial stem cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. W. Van Buul ◽  
A. Van Duyn-Goedhart ◽  
T. Beumer ◽  
A. L. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells

scholarly journals The Bright and the Dark Sides of DNA Repair in Stem Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Frosina
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intense Research

DNA repair is a double-edged sword in stem cells. It protects normal stem cells in both embryonic and adult tissues from genetic damage, thus allowing perpetuation of intact genomes into new tissues. Fast and efficient DNA repair mechanisms have evolved in normal stem and progenitor cells. Upon differentiation, a certain degree of somatic mutations becomes more acceptable and, consequently, DNA repair dims. DNA repair turns into a problem when stem cells transform and become cancerous. Transformed stem cells drive growth of a number of tumours (e.g., high grade gliomas) and being particularly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapeutic agents often cause relapses. The contribution of DNA repair to resistance of these tumour-driving cells is the subject of intense research, in order to find novel agents that may sensitize them to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

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