Catabolic Pathways and Enzymes Involved in the Anaerobic Degradation of Monocyclic Aromatic Compounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-133
Author(s):  
Matthias Boll ◽  
Sebastian Estelmann ◽  
Johann Heider
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Catabolic Pathways

Occurrence and diversity of the oxidative hydroxyhydroquinone pathway for the anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in nitrate‐reducing bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pacheco‐Sánchez ◽  
Ramón Rama‐Garda ◽  
Patricia Marín ◽  
Sophie‐Marie Martirani‐Von Abercron ◽  
Silvia Marqués
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Reducing Bacteria

scholarly journals The Pseudomonas putida Crc Global Regulator Controls the Expression of Genes from Several Chromosomal Catabolic Pathways for Aromatic Compounds

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Morales ◽  
Juan Francisco Linares ◽  
Ana Beloso ◽  
Juan Pablo Albar ◽  
José Luis Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Catabolic Repression ◽  
Catabolic Pathways ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Proteome Profile

ABSTRACT The Crc protein is involved in the repression of several catabolic pathways for the assimilation of some sugars, nitrogenated compounds, and hydrocarbons in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when other preferred carbon sources are present in the culture medium (catabolic repression). Crc appears to be a component of a signal transduction pathway modulating carbon metabolism in pseudomonads, although its mode of action is unknown. To better understand the role of Crc, the proteome profile of two otherwise isogenic P. putida strains containing either a wild-type or an inactivated crc allele was compared. The results showed that Crc is involved in the catabolic repression of the hpd and hmgA genes from the homogentisate pathway, one of the central catabolic pathways for aromatic compounds that is used to assimilate intermediates derived from the oxidation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and several aromatic hydrocarbons. This led us to analyze whether Crc also regulates the expression of the other central catabolic pathways for aromatic compounds present in P. putida. It was found that genes required to assimilate benzoate through the catechol pathway (benA and catBCA) and 4-OH-benzoate through the protocatechuate pathway (pobA and pcaHG) are also negatively modulated by Crc. However, the pathway for phenylacetate appeared to be unaffected by Crc. These results expand the influence of Crc to pathways used to assimilate several aromatic compounds, which highlights its importance as a master regulator of carbon metabolism in P. putida.

scholarly journals Hierarchy of Carbon Source Utilization in Soil Bacteria: Hegemonic Preference for Benzoate in Complex Aromatic Compound Mixtures Degraded by Cupriavidus pinatubonensis Strain JMP134

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 3914-3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Pérez-Pantoja ◽  
Pablo Leiva-Novoa ◽  
Raúl A. Donoso ◽  
Cedric Little ◽  
Margarita Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Catabolic Pathways ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Metabolic Properties

ABSTRACTCupriavidus pinatubonensisJMP134, like many other environmental bacteria, uses a range of aromatic compounds as carbon sources. Previous reports have shown a preference for benzoate when this bacterium grows on binary mixtures composed of this aromatic compound and 4-hydroxybenzoate or phenol. However, this observation has not been extended to other aromatic mixtures resembling a more archetypal context. We carried out a systematic study on the substrate preference ofC. pinatubonensisJMP134 growing on representative aromatic compounds channeled through different catabolic pathways described in aerobic bacteria. Growth tests of nearly the entire set of binary combinations and in mixtures composed of 5 or 6 aromatic components showed that benzoate and phenol were always the preferred and deferred growth substrates, respectively. This pattern was supported by kinetic analyses that showed shorter times to initiate consumption of benzoate in aromatic compound mixtures. Gene expression analysis by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that, in all mixtures, the repression by benzoate over other catabolic pathways was exerted mainly at the transcriptional level. Additionally, inhibition of benzoate catabolism suggests that its multiple repressive actions are not mediated by a sole mechanism, as suggested by dissimilar requirements of benzoate degradation for effective repression in different aromatic compound mixtures. The hegemonic preference for benzoate over multiple aromatic carbon sources is not explained on the basis of growth rate and/or biomass yield on each single substrate or by obvious chemical or metabolic properties of these aromatic compounds.

Anaerobic degradation of homocyclic aromatic compounds via arylcarboxyl-coenzyme A esters: organisms, strategies and key enzymes

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Boll ◽  
Claudia Löffler ◽  
Brandon E. L. Morris ◽  
Johannes W. Kung
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Coenzyme A Esters

scholarly journals Anaerobic Degradation of 4-Methylbenzoate by a Newly Isolated Denitrifying Bacterium, Strain pMbN1

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1606-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Lahme ◽  
Jens Harder ◽  
Ralf Rabus
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Denitrifying Bacterium ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bacterium Strain

ABSTRACTA novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from freshwater sediments, strain pMbN1, degrades 4-methylbenzoate to CO2under nitrate-reducing conditions. While strain pMbN1 utilizes several benzoate derivatives and other polar aromatic compounds, it cannot degradep-xylene or other hydrocarbons. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain pMbN1 is affiliated with the genusMagnetospirillum.

scholarly journals Anaerobic degradation of syringic acid by an adapted strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zachary Oshlag ◽  
Yanjun Ma ◽  
Kaitlin Morse ◽  
Brian T. Burger ◽  
Rachelle A. Lemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Acid Degradation

ABSTRACTWhile lignin represents a major fraction of the carbon in plant biomass, biological strategies to convert the components of this heterogenous polymer into products of industrial and biotechnological value are lacking. Syringic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a byproduct of lignin degradation, appearing in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, deconstructed lignin streams, and other agricultural products. Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 is a known degrader of phenolic compounds under photoheterotrophic conditions, via the benzoyl-CoA degradation (BAD) pathway. However, R. palustris CGA009 is reported to be unable to metabolize meta-methoxylated phenolics such as syringic acid. We isolated a strain of R. palustris (strain SA008.1.07), adapted from CGA009, which can grow on syringic acid under photoheterotrophic conditions, utilizing it as a sole source of organic carbon and reducing power. An SA008.1.07 mutant with an inactive benzoyl-CoA reductase structural gene was able to grow on syringic acid, demonstrating that the metabolism of this aromatic compound is not through the BAD pathway. Comparative gene expression analyses of SA008.1.07 implicated the involvement of products of the vanARB operon (rpa3619-rpa3621), which has been described as catalyzing aerobic aromatic ring demethylation in other bacteria, in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. In addition, experiments with a vanARB deletion mutant demonstrated the involvement of the vanARB operon in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. These observations provide new insights into the anaerobic degradation of meta-methoxylated and other aromatics by R. palustris.IMPORTANCELignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer on Earth and a resource that could eventually substitute for fossil fuels as a source of aromatic compounds for industrial and biotechnological applications. Engineering microorganisms for production of aromatic-based biochemicals requires detailed knowledge of metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatics that are present in lignin. Our isolation and analysis of a Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain capable of syringic acid degradation reveals a previously unknown metabolic route for aromatic degradation in R. palustris. This study highlights several key features of this pathway and sets the stage for a more complete understanding of the microbial metabolic repertoire to metabolize aromatic compounds from lignin and other renewable sources.

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