Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 improves the quality of Stachys sieboldii Miq. pickle by inhibiting harmful bacteria growth and degrading nitrite, promoting the gut microbiota health in vitro

Microbial contamination and nitrite accumulation are two major concerns on the quality control of fermented vegetables. In the present study, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 (ZJ316) was...

Effect of Fermented Lime Waste Flour on the pH of the Small Intestine and Microbes of Broiler Chicken Ileum

The balancing of digestive tract microbe can improve the digestive health of broiler chickens. Fermented lime waste flour (FLWF) contains citric acid, which can decrease digestive tract pH value to suppress pathogenic bacteria development and improve lactic acid bacteria growth in the small intestine of the broiler. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of using FLWF on pH value and small intestine microbial of broiler chickens. This study used 200 female broiler chickens. The research used a completely randomized design with four treatment levels of FLWF by 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% in every ration, with each treatment replicated five times. The parameters observed are the pH value of the small intestine, lactic acid bacteria ileum, and Coliform ileum. Data were calculated using the analysis of variance and difference test with Duncan's Multiple Range Test using the SPSS 19.0 program. The result indicates that using FLWF decreased (p<0.05) Coliform in the ileum, while pH value of small intestine and ileum lactic acid bacteria among treatments were not influenced (p>0.05). It concludes that adding FLWF at a 1% level could decrease ileum Coliform. Still, it could not decrease the pH value of the small intestine and increase the total lactic bacteria ileum.

Ways to increase bean productivity and quality with different growing technologies

The aim of the research was: to study ways to increase the productivity of beans by combining in a single process fertilizer, pre-sowing seed treatment with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, growth stimulants of biological origin, micronutrients in the form of negligence. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations of plant development (development phases and stages of organogenesis), morphological - on the formation of elements of productivity, leaf apparatus and duration of its functioning, morphophysiological - on the dynamics of development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, growth stimulants and microfertilizers to increase the productivity of beans and its quality. It is established that the maximum yield of beans - 2.81 t / ha (in 2018 3.30 t / ha) at the level of absolute control, respectively 1.05 t / ha was formed on the option, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of P60K60 + N30 + N30 kg / ha d.r., sowing of seeds treated with a strain of nodule bacteria BTU - p and joint treatment of crops with growth stimulants in the physique of branching and budding with microfertilizers in the budding phase. The maximum increase in yield was 0.92 t / ha, and 0.86 t / ha from the application of fertilizers was obtained with the application of P60K60 + N30 + N15 and P 0 K0 + N30 + N30, with the control of 1.05 t / ha. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r provided an increase in yield - 0.24 - 0.39 t / ha. The use of growth stimulator in the technology of cultivation provided an increase in crop productivity by 1.04 t / ha on the background without seed inoculation, with inoculation - 2.22 t / ha compared to the absolute control (1.05 t / ha). Co-application of growth stimulant with microfertilizers on crops yielded 2.41 t / ha with a protein content of 20.39%.

Shelf-life extension of meat products by cellulose acetate antimicrobial film incorporated with oregano’s essential oil

This study aimed to apply cellulose acetate (CA) films incorporated with oregano essential oil (OEO) to inhibit bacteria growth associated with spoilage of meat products (Weissella viridescens (microaerophilic) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (aerobic)) and evaluate its effect on the shelf life of vacuum-packed sliced ham (VPSH). CA films were produced using acetone solvent, adding 25, 35, 50, or 75 mg of OEO per film. Antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties of films were determined. CA films in Petri dishes showed a better antimicrobial effect against W. viridescens than P. fluorescens. As VPSH, presents a microaerophilic environment, product shelf life was determined fitting Baranyi and Roberts’ model to W. viridescens’ growth experimental data, at 8 °C. OEO did not modify films’ mechanical properties. Application of the CA film with 75 mg of OEO decreased value of W. viridescens, increased its value, resulting in a ham` shelf-life increased by eight days, demonstrating excellent application potential.

Comparison of the Biological Potential and Chemical Composition of Brazilian and Mexican Propolis

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from plants and its natural product is available as a safe therapeutic option easily administered orally and readily available as a natural supplement and functional food. In this work, we review the most recent scientific evidence involving propolis from two countries (Brazil and Mexico) located in different hemispheres and with varied biomes. Brazil has a scientifically well documented classification of different types of propolis. Although propolis from Brazil and Mexico present varied compositions, they share compounds with recognized biological activities in different extraction processes. Gram-negative bacteria growth is inhibited with lower concentrations of different types of propolis extracts, regardless of origin. Prominent biological activities against cancer cells and fungi were verified in the different types of extracts evaluated. Antiprotozoal activity needs to be further evaluated for propolis of both origins. Regarding the contamination of propolis (e.g., pesticides, toxic metals), few studies have been carried out. However, there is evidence of chemical contamination in propolis by anthropological action. Studies demonstrate the versatility of using propolis in its different forms (extracts, products, etc.), but several potential applications that might improve the value of Brazilian and Mexican propolis should still be investigated.

Homeopathy: a possible weapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics

Background: The antimicrobial resistance is a genetic phenomenon, related to the existence of the gens restrained in microorganism that codify different biochemical mechanisms that obstruct the drugs actions. Some species present resistance widespread in all over the world, like the case of Staphylococcus aureus. This is one of the main bacteria that, in a period of time, has got multiple resistance against the antibiotics, and it’s also, an important agent causative of the nosocomiais infections. The present report evaluated the action of the different homeopathic medicines about the growth of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) “in vitro”. Methods: Doses of 150, 250 and 350 µL of the homeopathic medicines Silicea, Hepar sulfor, Belladona, Arnica montana, Mercurio solubilis and nosode of Stafilococcus aureus, in the dynamism 6cH, 12cH e 30cH had been placed in 3mL culture liquid Mueller Hinton. It was added to this blend 10 µL of a diluted bacterial solution 1/10, where of the solution in 0,5 of the Macfarley scale in 37°C, the growth in the tubes was evaluated in Spectrophotometric of 600 nm. Results: The results demonstrated that, for the Staphilococcus aureus, we have got significant bacteria inhibition in about 70 to 90% of the growth “in vitro”, provided by the homeopathic medicines Hepar sulfor in the dynamism of 30cH, Belladona in the dynamisms of 6cH and 30cH, in the Staphilococcus aureus nosode in the dynamisms 6cH and 30cH and Silicea in the dynamism of CH6, with regard to the control with alcohol 30%. The Staphilococcus aureus MRSA presented inhibition from 40% to 20% of the bacteria growth “in vitro” related to the control with alcohol 30%, with the same medicines used before. Conclusion: We can conclude that the homeopathic medicines have an inhibitory action in the bacteria growth, including in bacteria resistance to the antibiotics. This information can suggest that a concerted action of antibiotics and homeopathic medicines, could improve the action of the antibiotics in the bacteria causative of infections in the biological tissues.

Comparative antimicrobial efficacy study of different commercially available toothpaste in India: An in vitro study

Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents have been recommended for lowering oral bacteria growth. The main purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of different toothpaste formulations in providing complete oral cavity protection against oral pathogens. By using a modified well agar diffusion assay, twenty kinds of toothpaste were examined for antimicrobial efficacy against two oral pathogens: Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The examination indicated that the majority of the non-herbal dentifrices and combinations of herbal and chemical-based dentifrices chosen for the investigation were viable against both microbial strains, however, to differing degrees. TP1 and TP17 were found the best against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, with 21.553 mm and 23.443 mm as the zone of inhibition. From the herbal dentifrices, TP15 was found to have significant effect on E. coli, followed by TP19 for S. aureus. Nevertheless, toothpaste TP15 and TP19 were not effective against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. In correlation, the inhibition zones of every single other dentifrice were found to be less. Antimicrobial activity against test organisms was stronger in a sodium lauryl sulphate-based dental formulations, when combined with fluoride. A formulation including TP15 exhibited substantial activity against the tested bacterium E. coli among herbal dentifrices. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria was greater than against Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, herbal toothpaste can be incorporated with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its effectiveness against pathogens present in the oral microbiome. This comparison aids in the identification of the toothpaste’s shortcomings and benefits over other formulations, widening the scope of more potent toothpaste products.

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Ethanolic Extract Leaves

The aim of the current research was to perform phytochemical screening and to know the pathogenic antibacterial activities of senggani leaves extract. Phytochemical screening was done by testing eight active compounds. Antibacterial activities testing was done by using well diffusion method at concentration level of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. Positive control was amoxicillin, while the negative control was aquadest. Meanwhile, pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Research design applied was complete random design, in which the data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, continued by post-hoc test through Tukey method to know which concentration provide the most significant difference. Research results showed that ethanolic extract of senggani leaves has eight active compounds, those are phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins. This further proved that the ethanolic extract of senggani leaves have antibacterial activity and are able to inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested. The best ability shown to inhibit E. coli bacteria was at concentration of 100%, Sh. dysenteriae and P. aeruginosa started at the concentration of 75%, and S. aureus started at the concentration of 50%. Keywords: active compounds, bacteria growth, inhibition, well diffusion