Failures Supporting the Evolutionary Design in the Wild of Interactive Systems for Public Spaces

Development and deployment of location-based systems is a key consideration in the design of new mobile technologies. Critical to the design process is to understand and manage the expectations of stakeholders (including funders, research partners and end users) for these systems. In particular, the way in which expectations impact upon technology development choices between small-scale, ‘high tech' innovations or larger scalable solutions. This paper describes the differences in a revolutionary design process (for ‘high tech' prototypes or catwalk technologies) versus an evolutionary design process (for scalable or prêt-a-porter systems), as exemplified in two location-based mobile interaction case studies. One case study exemplifies a revolutionary design process and resultant system, and the other an evolutionary design process and system. The use of these case studies is a clear natural progression from the paper that first described the concept of ‘catwalk technologies' (Adams et al, 2013), which itself drew upon research that used mobile devices for outdoor 'in the wild' locations. This paper presents a set list of fifteen heuristic guidelines based upon an analysis of these case studies. These heuristics present characteristics and key differences between the two types of design process. This paper provides a key reference point for researchers, developers and the academic community as a whole, when defining a project rationale for designing and developing technical systems. In addition, we refer to the role of the researcher/research team in terms of guiding and managing stakeholder and research team expectations and how this relates to the planning and deployment of catwalk or prêt-à-porter technologies. Lastly, we state how this research has vital implications for planning and enacting interventions and sequences of interactions with stakeholders and, crucially, in the planning of future research projects.

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Edge, Center, and Spine: Exploring the Multi-Dimentionality of Contemporary Landscapes in Middle Eastern Cities

International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR ◽

10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i2.791 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashraf M. Salama ◽

Anna Katharina Grichting

Keyword(s):

Empirical Studies ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Evolutionary Design ◽

Spatial Design ◽

Review Reports ◽

The City ◽

Productive Landscapes ◽

City Park

This paper offers an overview of landscape interventions in three Middle Eastern cities and a positional interpretation of the way in which different landscape typologies can contribute to their socio-spatial and environmental contexts. The paper identifies three levels of contribution of contemporary landscape – edge, center, and spine - corresponding to three landscape typologies: the edge typology is a linear coastal landscape that acts as an interface between the city and the sea; the central typology is a city park that reactivates or regenerates a fragment of the city and communities that surround it; and the spine is an ecological infrastructure – a wadi - that articulates and curates the natural and constructed flow of water creating productive landscapes and public spaces. In undertaking the discussion and analysis, a multi-layered general methodology was employed. First, to induct generalities on three projects identified a literature review and analysis of development and technical review reports is conducted in order to elucidate a considerable number of issues underlying each landscape typology while classifying them under three main sub-headings that include contextual background, evolutionary design and planning aspects, and key spatial design features. Second, to deduct particularities concerning the contribution of each typology, critical discussion, reflection, and reference to some empirical studies are carried out with the intention of unveiling the contribution of each typology to its context and to the city within which it exists.

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Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160996 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 688-689

Author(s):

Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽

Lynn Epstein

Keyword(s):

Freeze Substitution ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Wild Type ◽

Nectria Haematococca ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Dialysis Tubing ◽

Tube Emergence ◽

Contrast Microscopy ◽

In The Wild ◽

Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

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