Cognitive Decision Rules for Egg Rejection

2017 ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Manna ◽  
Csaba Moskát ◽  
Mark E. Hauber
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rules ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Cognitive Decision

Different recognition cues reveal the decision rules used for egg rejection by hosts of a variably mimetic avian brood parasite

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alicia de la Colina ◽  
Lorena Pompilio ◽  
Mark E. Hauber ◽  
Juan C. Reboreda ◽  
Bettina Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rules ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Brood Parasite

System Requirements Development Methodology

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-628
Author(s):  
Joseph Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Requirements Development ◽  
Computer Processor

This concept paper describes a computer processor which assists users in developing performance requirements for new systems. The output of the processor is function based objectives, performance based system criteria and environmental conditions which may effect system performance. The system criteria are based on the cognitive decision rules of experts for assessing the effectiveness of system performance. These are obtained from a regression based technique in which the experts rate the effectiveness of a system several times, each time with different values for each of the several candidate system performance criteria.

Poliheuristic Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Redd ◽  
David Brulé ◽  
Alex Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Decision

Milton Friedman and Herbert Simon introduced two opposing “schools” of thought in decision-making: the “rational actor” approach and the “cognitive approach,” respectively. Friedman argued that theories should be judged based on the validity of their predictions (“outcome validity”), whereas Simon countered that more emphasis must be placed on “process validity.” Seeking to bridge the gap between the cognitive and rational approaches, in the early 1990s Alex Mintz and colleagues developed poliheuristic theory. The theory is based on five main processing characteristics of decision-making: nonholistic search, dimension-based processing, noncompensatory decision rules, satisficing behavior, and order-sensitive search. A key premise of poliheuristic theory is its reference to the political aspects of decision making in a foreign policy context. Poliheuristic theory is related to Applied Decision Analysis (ADA), an analytic procedure which can be applied to all levels of analysis in foreign policy decision-making: the leader, the group and the coalition. As a bridge between rational and cognitive decision models, poliheuristic theory is uniquely positioned to contribute to progress in the study of world politics. Indeed, despite being relatively new to the discipline of foreign policy analysis, it has enriched our understanding of both the process of decision-making and the outcome of decisions, for example, or the diversionary use of force, international bargaining and negotiation, coalition formation, and terrorists’ decisions. A number of avenues deserve attention in future research on poliheuristic theory, in particularl the use of a more decision-theoretic dataset for investigating its basic proposition as well as more large-N methodological studies.

scholarly journals Compensatory Health Beliefs Relate to Decision-Making Coherence and Health Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Bethany D. Merillat ◽  
Claudia González-Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cognitive Decision

This study tested hypotheses that link cognitive decision-making coherence and health behavioral patterns to the endorsement of compensatory health beliefs (CHBs). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate relationships among the latent variables Compensatory Health Beliefs and 2 other constructs: Decision-Making Coherence (measured by resistance to framing, under/overconfidence, applying decision rules, consistency in risk perception, and resistance to sunk cost bias), and Risk Tendencies with Health Consequences (measured by self-control, the Health Behavior Checklist, and risk perception scales). An online, adult, United States sample—recruited through Amazon.com®’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk)—was assessed. The model described key relationships for the MTurk sample. Low levels of Decision-Making Coherence and Risk Tendencies with Health Consequences were associated with increased endorsement of Compensatory Health Beliefs. Results can help clarify the relationship between health-related cognitions and actions, and impact the design of interventions that rely on the use of the CHB scale.

Perceptions of Group Decision Rules and Group Decisions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Miller ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsubo
Keyword(s):  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Group Decisions

Six GPA Decision Rules and Adverse Impact in Initial Screening

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Carlson ◽  
Mary L. Connerley ◽  
Arlise P. McKinney ◽  
Ross L. Mecham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rules ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Initial Screening

The Evolutionary Dynamics of Decision Rule Selection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Laver ◽  
Ernest Sergenti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rule ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Party System ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

This chapter extends the survival-of-the-fittest evolutionary environment to consider the possibility that new political parties, when they first come into existence, do not pick decision rules at random but instead choose rules that have a track record of past success. This is done by adding replicator-mutator dynamics to the model, according to which the probability that each rule is selected by a new party is an evolving but noisy function of that rule's past performance. Estimating characteristic outputs when this type of positive feedback enters the dynamic model creates new methodological challenges. The simulation results show that it is very rare for one decision rule to drive out all others over the long run. While the diversity of decision rules used by party leaders is drastically reduced with such positive feedback in the party system, and while some particular decision rule is typically prominent over a certain period of time, party systems in which party leaders use different decision rules are sustained over substantial periods.

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