From Brain Drain and Brain Gain to Brain Circulation: Conceptualizing Re-Expatriation Intentions of Vietnamese Returnees

2018 ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Thi Thuy Ho ◽  
Pi-Shen Seet ◽  
Janice Jones
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain

scholarly journals Brain Circulation, the Phenomenon and Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Lajda Bana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The People ◽  
The Brain

The world of today which seeks globalization, while the economic inequality, corruption, political instability, and moreover wars prevail, it is always associated with the movement of people towards what might be called the ‘best for their future’. This movement is not just a mechanical action, but is a phenomenon associated with social, economic and political consequences not only to the country of origin but also for the host country. The departure of the people from their land is a well-known and proven phenomenon mainly of the developing countries. This phenomenon includes also the so-called brain drain emigration, the departure of skilled people, professionals and researchers from their own country to other places. The brain drain is not only a phenomenon that belongs to developing countries, or former communist states, or those countries in war, but it can also affect the developed Western countries. Brain drain does not always constitute a brain gain in the host country. In most of the cases, people who have to leave the countries in political instability or former communist countries, even if they are qualified and holders of university degrees, they are obliged to work in humble jobs which can be simply exercised by persons without university qualifications. Consequently, the brain drain phenomenon is not automatically turned into a benefit 'brain gain' for the host country; on the contrary, it might even be turned into the so-called brain-waste. A social challenge in this context remains the turn of "brain drain" into "brain gain" or "brain circulation". Therefore, one of the current priorities for governments is to create effective economic and social conditions which would enhance the integration of the graduates, researchers and professionals into their national and regional markets

Brain drain, brain gain and brain circulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain

Origins and destinations known: A tracer study of international African doctoral graduates from South Africa’s universities

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222198964
Author(s):  
Michael Kahn ◽  
Joshua Oghenetega
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Tracer Study ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Doctoral Graduates ◽  
Contentious Issue

The mobility of the highly skilled, summarized as brain drain, brain circulation and brain gain, remains a contentious issue for policy. Even so, the evidence base to inform policy remains poor. This gap is of particular importance to policymakers in countries that experience brain drain. This paper reports on the findings of a tracer study of international African doctoral graduates of South Africa’s leading universities. Since access to student records was problematic, the sample frame was developed by the inspection of library holdings of dissertations. This approach allowed for a representative sample to be surveyed. Contrary to the expectation that the majority of graduates would depart from Africa as a brain drain, it was found that the majority returned home on completion. Some 10% remained in South Africa as a brain gain to the host country, with but 5% leaving Africa. The outcome of their temporary migration was brain circulation and talent development.

scholarly journals Trends and Directions in Global Student Mobility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajika Bhandari ◽  
Raisa Belyavina
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Study Overseas ◽  
Near Future

Drawing upon two recent publications, this article highlights some trends in student mobility, including the emergence of new players, the shift from ‘brain drain' to ‘brain gain' and ‘brain circulation', language as a key driver for study overseas, and new internationalization policies that are re-mapping the flow of global talent. The article also explores the expanding definition of mobility that will likely have an impact on global student flows in the near future.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND BRAIN CIRCULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Peter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain

Many highly developed countries suffer the economic consequences of a growthlimiting demographic gap, which they only can fill with immigration. However, immigrants must be capable to be integrated into the receiving economy based on age and education. However, emigration raises in the home-countries the complex problem of “Brain Drain” (including loss of human capital, reduction in unemployment), which is offset by a “Brain Gain” in the destination country due to immigration. It can be shown, however, that within the framework of an adapted migration policy there can be a "Brain Circulation" that has advantages for all countries involved

scholarly journals Brain Circulation, the Phenomenon and Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lajda Bana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The People ◽  
The Brain

The world of today which seeks globalization, while the economic inequality, corruption, political instability, and moreover wars prevail, it is always associated with the movement of people towards what might be called the ‘best for their future’. This movement is not just a mechanical action, but is a phenomenon associated with social, economic and political consequences not only to the country of origin but also for the host country. The departure of the people from their land is a well-known and proven phenomenon mainly of the developing countries. This phenomenon includes also the so-called brain drain emigration, the departure of skilled people, professionals and researchers from their own country to other places. The brain drain is not only a phenomenon that belongs to developing countries, or former communist states, or those countries in war, but it can also affect the developed Western countries. Brain drain does not always constitute a brain gain in the host country. In most of the cases, people who have to leave the countries in political instability or former communist countries, even if they are qualified and holders of university degrees, they are obliged to work in humble jobs which can be simply exercised by persons without university qualifications. Consequently, the brain drain phenomenon is not automatically turned into a benefit 'brain gain' for the host country; on the contrary, it might even be turned into the so-called brain-waste. A social challenge in this context remains the turn of "brain drain" into "brain gain" or "brain circulation". Therefore, one of the current priorities for governments is to create effective economic and social conditions which would enhance the integration of the graduates, researchers and professionals into their national and regional markets

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