Beach to Bench to Bedside: Marine Invertebrate Biochemical Adaptations and Their Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Verdes ◽  
Mandë Holford
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate

Invasion success of a habitat-forming marine invertebrate is limited by lower-than-expected dispersal ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 536 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Teske ◽  
J Sandoval-Castillo ◽  
M Sasaki ◽  
LB Beheregaray
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Dispersal Ability

Physiology of Larval Feeding

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

The functional properties of marine invertebrate larvae represent the sum of the physiological activities of the individual, the interdependence among cells making up the whole, and the correct positioning of cells within the larval body. This chapter examines physiological aspects of nutrient acquisition, digestion, assimilation, and distribution within invertebrate larvae from an organismic and comparative perspective. Growth and development of larvae obviously require the acquisition of “food.” Yet the mechanisms where particulate or dissolved organic materials are converted into biomass and promote development of larvae differ and are variably known among groups. Differences in the physiology of the digestive system (secreted enzymes, gut transit time, and assimilation) within and among feeding larvae suggest the possibility of an underappreciated plasticity of digestive physiology. How the ingestion of seawater by and the existence of a circulatory system within larvae contribute to larval growth and development represent important topics for future research.

scholarly journals Neurotoxicity in Marine Invertebrates: An Update

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Irene Deidda ◽  
Roberta Russo ◽  
Rosa Bonaventura ◽  
Caterina Costa ◽  
Francesca Zito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Invertebrate Model

Invertebrates represent about 95% of existing species, and most of them belong to aquatic ecosystems. Marine invertebrates are found at intermediate levels of the food chain and, therefore, they play a central role in the biodiversity of ecosystems. Furthermore, these organisms have a short life cycle, easy laboratory manipulation, and high sensitivity to marine pollution and, therefore, they are considered to be optimal bioindicators for assessing detrimental chemical agents that are related to the marine environment and with potential toxicity to human health, including neurotoxicity. In general, albeit simple, the nervous system of marine invertebrates is composed of neuronal and glial cells, and it exhibits biochemical and functional similarities with the vertebrate nervous system, including humans. In recent decades, new genetic and transcriptomic technologies have made the identification of many neural genes and transcription factors homologous to those in humans possible. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters are some of the aspects of neurotoxic effects that can also occur in marine invertebrate organisms. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of major marine pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and micro and nano-plastics, with a focus on their neurotoxic effects in marine invertebrate organisms. This review could be a stimulus to bio-research towards the use of invertebrate model systems other than traditional, ethically questionable, time-consuming, and highly expensive mammalian models.

Noradrenaline deters marine invertebrate biofouling when covalently bound in polymeric coatings

2010 ◽  
Vol 394 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj V. Gohad ◽  
Nihar M. Shah ◽  
Andrew T. Metters ◽  
Andrew S. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Covalently Bound

scholarly journals Uncovering the Core Microbiome and Distribution of Palmerolide in Synoicum adareanum Across the Anvers Island Archipelago, Antarctica

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Alison E. Murray ◽  
Nicole E. Avalon ◽  
Lucas Bishop ◽  
Karen W. Davenport ◽  
Erwan Delage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Synoicum Adareanum ◽  
Palmerolide A

Polar marine ecosystems hold the potential for bioactive compound biodiscovery, based on their untapped macro- and microorganism diversity. Characterization of polar benthic marine invertebrate-associated microbiomes is limited to few studies. This study was motivated by our interest in better understanding the microbiome structure and composition of the ascidian, Synoicum adareanum, in which palmerolide A (PalA), a bioactive macrolide with specificity against melanoma, was isolated. PalA bears structural resemblance to a hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide that has similarities to microbially-produced macrolides. We conducted a spatial survey to assess both PalA levels and microbiome composition in S. adareanum in a region of the Antarctic Peninsula near Anvers Island (64°46′ S, 64°03′ W). PalA was ubiquitous and abundant across a collection of 21 ascidians (3 subsamples each) sampled from seven sites across the Anvers Island Archipelago. The microbiome composition (V3–V4 16S rRNA gene sequence variants) of these 63 samples revealed a core suite of 21 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)—20 of which were distinct from regional bacterioplankton. ASV co-occurrence analysis across all 63 samples yielded subgroups of taxa that may be interacting biologically (interacting subsystems) and, although the levels of PalA detected were not found to correlate with specific sequence variants, the core members appeared to occur in a preferred optimum and tolerance range of PalA levels. These results, together with an analysis of the biosynthetic potential of related microbiome taxa, describe a conserved, high-latitude core microbiome with unique composition and substantial promise for natural product biosynthesis that likely influences the ecology of the holobiont.

scholarly journals Natural female mating rate maximizes hatchling size in a marine invertebrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sprenger ◽  
J. Faber ◽  
N. K. Michiels ◽  
N. Anthes
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Mating Rate ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Hatchling Size

On the Chemical Form of Mercury in Edible Fish and Marine Invertebrate Tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas S. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wet Weight

Total mercury, monomethylmercury (CH3Hg), and dimethylmercury ((CH3)2Hg) in edible muscle were examined in 229 samples, representing seven freshwater and eight saltwater fish species and several species of marine invertebrates using ultraclean techniques. Total mercury was determined by hot HNO3/H2SO4/BrClldigestion, SnCl2 reduction, purging onto gold, and analysis by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS). Methylmercury was determined by KOH/methanol digestion using aqueous phase ethylation, cryogenic gas chromatography, and CVAFS detection. Total mercury and CH3Hg concentrations varied from 0.011 to 2.78 μg∙g−1 (wet weight basis, as Hg) for all samples, while no sample contained detectable (CH3)2Hg (<0.001 μg∙g−1 as Hg). The observed proportion of total mercury (as CH3Hg) ranged from 69 to 132%, with a relative standard deviation for quintuplicate analysis of about 10%; nearly all of this variability can be explained by the analytical variability of total mercury and CH3Hg. Poorly homogenized samples showed greater variability, primarily because total mercury and CH3Hg were measured on separate aliquots, which vary in mercury concentration, not speciation. I conclude that for all species studied, virtually ail (>95%) of the mercury present is as CH3Hg and that past reports of substantially lower CH3Hg fractions may have been biased by analytical and homogeneity variability.

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