Process Failure/Spare Parts Problem

Author(s):  
James J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Peter Hart

The use of 50% concentration and 10% concentration hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for chemical and mechanical pulp bleach plants at storage and at point of use. Several dangerous occurrences have been documented when the supply of 50% peroxide going into the pulping process was not stopped during a process failure. Startup conditions and leaking block valves during maintenance outages have also contributed to explosions. Although hazardous events have occurred, 50% peroxide can be stored safely with proper precautions and engineering controls. For point of use in a chemical bleach plant, it is recommended to dilute the peroxide to 10% prior to application, because risk does not outweigh the benefit. For point of use in a mechanical bleach plant, it is recommended to use 50% peroxide going into a bleach liquor mixing system that includes the other chemicals used to maintain the brightening reaction rate. When 50% peroxide is used, it is critical that proper engineering controls are used to mitigate any risks.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayemi Bakre ◽  
Nirmala Dorasamy

Poor service delivery has always been considered a legacy of the apartheid era. However, 25 years into democracy, many local municipalities are still battling with service delivery backlogs. These backlogs are often attributed to, for example, dysfunctional ward committees, corruption amongst councillors, exclusion of community members in the planning process, failure to prioritise community needs, and institutional capacity issues. These challenges have undermined municipalities’ provision of quality service delivery and have precipitated service delivery protests. This article argues that community participation, which has been identified as a factor that can mitigate the aforementioned challenges, can be pivotal in the provision of effective and efficient services by municipalities. The relationship between community inclusion and service delivery outcomes is not simplistic, but depend upon a combination of proactive and highly skilled leaders and a cooperative and supportive populace. In this article, we identify the modes for successful participation and also the consequences of community exclusion through textual analysis of pertinent sources. We argue that such participation can only be successful and sustainable if it is reinforced by support from local government in the form of community training and capacity development workshops to exchange and instil new ideas as well as by resource allocation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Suhadi ◽  
Seodihono

Production technology of metal casting industry in Indonesia needs to be improved, especially in the manufacturing of spare parts and box engine made of gray cast iron which has various wall thick such as dove tale construction. Microstructure of gray cast iron is influenced by cooling rate during casting, chemical composition and melting treatment process (inoculation). The part which has the thinnest thickness has the fastest cooling therefore, the grain boundary is smaller compared to other section. As a result this part has highest hardness and difficult to be machined. This research is conducted to solve this problem by modifying melting and solidification treatment process. The research starting from micro structure analysis, composition and mechanical properties tests on the product, and then conducting modification treatment through Taguchi method approach. Experimental results obtained show that the best level settings to control factors which affect to the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties in gray cast iron is the addition of seed inoculation super ® 75, as much as 0.25% with the method of inoculation material entering into the Transfer Ladle.Teknologi produksi pada industri pengecoran di Indonesia masih membutuhkan perbaikan terutama dalam pembuatan komponen mesin perkakas dan peralatan pabrik yang terbuat dari besi tuang kelabu yang mempunyai variasi ketebalan yang besar seperti konstruksi ekor burung (dove tale). Pada pengecoran, struktur mikro dari besi tuang kelabu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan pendinginan, komposisi kimia dan proses perlakuan pada logam cair (inokulasi). Bagian yang mempunyai ukuran paling tipis mempunyai kecepatan pendinigan paling tinggi karena itu ukuran butirnya jauh lebih kecil dari bagian lain, akibatnya bagian ini mempunyai kekerasan lebih tinggi dan sulit dilakukan pengerjaan mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki hal ini yang terjadi pada dove taledengan cara memodifikasi proses perlakuan pada cairan besi dan proses pendinginan. Penelitian dimulai dari analisa struktur mikro, pengujian komposisi kimia, pengujian sifat mekanis pada produk kemudian dilakukan modifikasi menggunakan pendekatan metode statistik Taguchi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan terbaik yang dapat diperoleh untuk mendapatkan keseragaman struktur mikro dan sifat mekanis pada pengecoran besi tuang kelabu adalah penambahan seed inoculation super ® 75, sebesar 0.25% dengan metode pemasukan inokulasi kedalam Ladle pengangkut logam cair.Keywords: carbon, micro structure, hardness, inoculation


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Bram Westerweel ◽  
Rob J.I. Basten ◽  
Jing-Sheng Jeannette Song
Keyword(s):  

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