The German System of Supervisory Codetermination by Employees

2007 ◽  
pp. 111-144
Author(s):  
Jean du Plessis ◽  
Otto Sandrock
Keyword(s):  
German System

scholarly journals A European Perspective on the German System for Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Aymeric Rouchaud ◽  
Mohammed Aggour ◽  
Elisa Ciceri ◽  
Mario Martínez-Galdámez ◽  
Anne-Christine Januel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Perspective ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
German System

scholarly journals THE GERMAN SYSTEM OF NORMAL SCHOOLS

Science ◽  
1887 ◽  
Vol ns-10 (255) ◽  
pp. 302-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chas. Degarmo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Schools ◽  
German System

scholarly journals Handelsgerichtsbarkeit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jacob
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
German System ◽  
Work First

To this day, German commercial jurisdiction is characterized by the participation of expert lay judges. The work first shows in detail the historical roots and the development of the commercial judges in Italy, in France and in the German legal circles. In particular, the history of the so-called German system is discussed. Subsequently, the author analyzes the essential features of the modern KfH. In a third step, the historical findings are used as possible solutions for current reform efforts concerning the future of the KfH.

‘Second-Hand Superiority’: Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve and the English

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Ward W. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Classical Scholar ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
American Research ◽  
Long Life ◽  
German System ◽  
The Revolution

The attitude of the American classical scholar Basil L. Gildersleeve toward the English may be taken as typical of Americans over the period of his long life. A native of Charleston, South Carolina, a city with deep economic and cultural ties to England, he found his youthful admiration for British scholarship offset by the sufferings of his ancestors in the Revolution and the War of 1812. At mid-century the allegiance of many American intellectuals had switched from England to Germany, viewed idealistically as a place of pure intellectual discovery and artistic creativity. British amateurism held little interest for those who were building the first American research institutions in the 1880s, but as the FirstWorldWar approached, the deficiencies of the German system and the exciting work being done by those around Jane Harrison and Gilbert Murray brought Gildersleeve back to the respect for humane British scholarship that he had learned in his youth in Charleston.

Impressions of the German System of Training Teachers for the Higher Schools

1910 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
John Franklin Brown
Keyword(s):  
German System

The Economic Background of the Dual State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Fraenkel
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
German Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
German System ◽  
Historical Necessity

This chapter analyzes the German economy in the late 1930s and explores the extent to which it was capitalist. The chapter begins by stating that it is essential to discuss certain economic aspects of the German system under the National-Socialists in order to understand some fundamental problems of that time. Only against an economic background can we understand why it was that the state in Germany was neither completely “prerogative” nor completely “normative” but rather “dual.” The kind and the degree of historical “necessity” involved in the emergence of the dual state in Germany needs to be analyzed and understood. For it is in the dual state that the starting point toward a solution of the much debated problem could hopefully be found. The chapter asks: was the German economic system capitalistic or non-capitalistic?

Ist die Tarifautonomie noch zeitgemäß?

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Franz ◽  
Wernhard Möschel ◽  
Karl-Heinz Paqué
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
German System ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe economic policy forum discusses the question of whether the German system of autonomous wage bargaining is still up-to-date. Wolfgang Franz considers two aspects. First, he examines to what extend the existing unemployment rate can be reduced by wage policy. Due to certain forms of unemployment, this can be done only partly by lower real wages. In addition, he shows that it can be rational for employees as well as for employers to agree on wages which are higher than the equilibrium wage. In the second part, he considers the question of whether centralised or decentralised negotiations over wages are more likely to solve the problem of unemployment. Arguments in favour of both options can be found. The paper concludes with some suggestions to make collective agreements more flexible.Wernhard Möschel compares the German system of autonomous wage bargaining with a cartel agreement which results in prices higher than the equilibrium price. Moreover, the globalisation of markets and new orientations in the international division of labour require more flexible solutions. However, the autonomous wage bargaining is a constitutional right which is rather unlikely to be changed. An agreement by the social partners on common measures such as setting minimum wages lower than the equilibrium wage is also not very likely. The paper thus suggests that employers may undertake unilateral actions such as restructuring their associations. This should be accompanied by specific government measures.Karl-Heinz Paqué argues that countries with a system of autonomous wage bargaining are characterised by persisting unemployment. This characteristic is the result of both structural changes of the economy and its consequences for the market value of labour. Two mechanisms exist in order to adopt to the different market conditions: a flexibilisation of the agreed wage rate structure or a general restraint in wage bargaining. However, both mechanisms have failed so far due to the lack of willingness by the social partners. Competition by outsiders on the labour market and a political “alliance for employment” could increase employment while keeping the system of autonomous wage bargaining. The paper concludes with stating that in the near future unemployment will be unavoidable.

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