Critical evaluation of English and Saudi insurance law: A case for reform

The global significance of English law continues, particularly in Saudi as it is the most frequently chosen insurance policy law. Both jurisdictions provide consumer protections in insurance markets including the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and) Act and the 2015 Insurance Act and the Insurance Consumer Protection Principles 2014 in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to analyse the current reform impact on the interpretation of these doctrines between the UK and Saudi jurisdictions. In the last few years British insurance law has been significantly reviewed and modified and the most recent amendments, as per the Insurance Act 2015, are of the greatest significance and will be given due consideration within this paper. However, both the rationale for the reforms and the reform process will be reviewed as well as the UK perspective of the increasing rivalries between countries on account of legal business.

Tasks, shortcomings and reservations in the process of reforming the specialized dermatovenereological sector of health care

Objective — to draw the attention of the Ukrainian health care management, the National Health Care Service (NHCS) and dermatovenereologists to urgent issues of reforming the industry, identifying shortcomings in the reform and presenting the views of experienced professionals on correcting organizational measures.Official statistics was used based on the materials of leading specialists of Kharkiv Research Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, scientific and practical institutions of Ukraine, the forecast of «GlobalData» analytical and statistical company on the trend of syphilis in the world, the results of discussion of current reform issues with leading specialists in dermatovenereology.The interpretation of the modern epidemiological panorama of skin and venereological pathology, the current state of organizational and material support of dermato-venereology institutions are presented. Some specific shortcomings and miscalculations in the process of reforming are revealed from the point of view of experienced specialists in the field, the authors’ vision of ways to improve the organization and activity of the dermatovenereological service of the country is presented.The need for correction in the process of reforming the specialized dermatovenereological service by resolving the urgent issue of organization in the areas of round-the-clock bed stock within reasonably adjusted limits and their financial and material support is substantiated. Calculations of the needs of round-the-clock inpatient beds in the regions should be carried out in the NHCS with the participation of the leadership of the Ukrainian Association of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists (UADVC). The reforming of the dermatovenereology service should become a truly effective compo­nent of the generally progressive system of health care reform, taking into account the international medical and statistical forecasts.

Families, States, and Markets

The primary objective in this chapter is to understand family as an object of state policy on the one hand, and market functioning on the other, in a range of countries today. This is accomplished through an analysis of the expansion and reform of family-related policies over the past ten years and a consideration of how these are to be explained, especially in light of the classical approaches to the family. The empirical line of analysis is to identify emerging policy approaches to the interrelations between family, state, and market, in their own right as they evolve in particular countries and in light of a seeming consensus on the part of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) about the appropriate focus and organization of family and work life today.The chapter proceeds in four steps. The first introduces the field, outlining the main features of family policy as it has developed over time and the insights of scholarship. Following this, the piece moves on to consider the main contours of current reform, especially in light of the model(s) of family policy being promoted by the EU and the OECD. The third section considers explanatory factors and the utility of the main approaches to understanding family policy. A conclusion brings the piece to a close.

Fiscal Federalism as an Integral Part of Ukraine’s Globalization Integration

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the civilizational necessity of globalization of Ukraine's entry into the European and world community with further reforming the system of public administration in the financial sector. The purpose of the article is based on the study of modern world experience and consequences of fiscal federalisation as a phenomenon, and analysis of the current reform situation in Ukraine. The main method is comparative, which allowed to compare different state legal systems in order to identify similarities or differences between them. The article analyses the policy and experience of fiscal federalism in Ukraine and other countries. The materials of the article can be useful to all who study federalism.

Measuring Procedural Justice: A Case Study in Criminometrics

Current reform efforts have called for police to engage in the use of procedural justice to build trust between the police and community. However, research in this area has employed highly heterogeneous measures of procedural justice, a practice potentially inhibiting the systematic accumulation of knowledge. To address this issue, this study develops two measures of procedural justice (a 16-item and 10-item scale) by following standard psychometric principles, including a systematic review of previously used items, four iterative surveys to narrow the pool of items, classical test theory, and item response theory. Beyond developing scales to be used in policing research, the analysis serves as a case study in “criminometrics,” arguing that the measurement of core constructs in criminology generally should be based on psychometric principles.

DINAMIKA LEMBAGA DEMOKRASI DESA DI INDONESIA (Sebuah Kajian Pustaka)

The purpose of this study is to elaborate on the development of rural democratic practices in Indonesia. In the development of democratic practices in villages, there have been ups and downs recently as a result of the concept of government institutionalized by the government above it or supra village. This resulted in the loss of the main characteristics possessed by the village. The main characteristics referred to are the loss of local wisdom, mutual cooperation, and even the character of individualism has begun to penetrate the joints of village community life. This study uses literature study by parsing various theories, opinions across history both during the old order, the new order, up to the current reform era to get a comprehensive picture. The results of the study found that there are ups and downs of democratic practices in Indonesia which are caused by the implementation of the concept of a state from the regime that is currently in power. The ups and downs can be seen in the tug-of-war in village democratic institutions represented by the executive, namely the village head and the legislative body, namely the village consultative body (Law Number 5 of 1979, Law Number 22 of 1999, Law Number 32 of 2004, and Law Number 6 of 2014). Keywords: democracy, village, local wisdom, local institutions ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan ini adalah untuk melakukan elaborasi tentang perkembangan praktek demokrasi desa di Indonesia. Dalam perkembangan praktek demokrasi di desa akhir-akhir ini terjadi pasang surut sebagai akibat dari konsep pemerintahan yang dilembagakan oleh pemerintah di atasnya atau supra desa. Ini mengakibatkan hilangnya karakteristik utama yang dimiliki oleh desa. Karakterisitik utama dimaksud adalah hilangnya kearifan lokal/local wisdom, gotong royong, bahkan watak individualisme mulai merasuki sendi kehidupan masyarakat desa. Studi ini menggunakan studi pustaka dengan mengurai berbagai teori, pendapat lintas sejarah baik pada masa orde lama, orde baru, sampai dengan pada masa reformasi saat ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang komprehensif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya pasang surut praktek demokrasi di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh pelaksanaan konsep bernegara dari rezim yang sedang berkuasa. Pasang surut ini dapat dilihat terjadi tarik ulur pada lembaga demokrasi desa yang diwakili oleh lembaga eksekutif yaitu kepala desa dan lembaga legislatif yaitu lembaga permusyawaratan desa (Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1979, Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999, Undang-Undang Nomor 32 tahun 2004 dan UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2014). Kata kunci: demokrasi, desa, kearifal lokal, institusi lokal

Primary Care in the USA: The Long Struggle to Build its Foundational Role

Family practice was recognized as the 20th specialty in American medicine in 1969. With the hope that primary care would become the foundation of an improved health care system, vigorous efforts were launched in medical education, research and practice to achieve that goal. This chapter traces the history of that effort, together with negative system changes that have obstructed that goal. Although primary care physicians have been shown to improve access to care, contain costs, decrease inequities, and improve patient outcomes, they are still too few in number to meet national needs for primary care. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the extent of inadequacy and vulnerability of the system. The U. S. still lacks a system of universal access as has been in place for many years in most other advanced countries around the world. Corporate stakeholders in a largely privatized financing and delivery system continue to challenge the future of primary care. Lessons from the failure of reform initiatives over the last 50 years are discussed, as are current reform alternatives, only one of which would at last bring universal access to health care in this country.

Framing the Law and Policy of Finance

The global financial crisis of 2007–08 provided an obvious reason for rethinking finance, its regulation, and benefits for society. Economics experts, in particular, issued policy reports on how to fix the financial system. Whether and how such policy recommendations translated into law is the topic of this article. It introduces a set of theories elaborating on how the legal system may tap social theory in general and economic expertise in particular, arguing for the concept of framing as a focal point. A case study on the Kay Review of UK equity markets tests and illustrates the theory. The study highlights the normative, technical, political, and capture issues that arise all the way down from a specific policy proposal rooted in economic theory and empirical research to the technical details of financial law and concludes with a comment on the current reform efforts of the Financial Conduct Authority on a new consumer duty. Eventually, the case study allows us to reflect on the strengths and limitations of the existing theories of how social theory and law interact and to provide some directions for future research.

"ENGAGING WITH THE BENEFICIARIES IN REFORMING HEALTH CARE. A CASE STUDY OF PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE REFORM OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC"

"The involvement of patients and their families in healthcare policymaking has been a general trend in recent years. This tendency can be observed also in the process of the current reform of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic, which should gradually shift the focus of psychiatric care from large facilities to community care. Organizations representing patients and their families are among the key stakeholders in this reform. The present study analyses semi-structured in-depth interviews and documents with the objective to map and evaluate the process of patient involvement in the reform from its launch to its implementation in 2012-2019. The study identifies the major barriers to patient involvement – on the part of the patients and their organizations, professionals (healthcare professionals, care providers, administration, policymakers), as well as the whole society. It becomes clear that the reform encourages patient involvement, with a palpable shift from consultation to involvement. Still, there are many obstacles to patient involvement in the Czech Republic: the mental state, social and economic situation of the patients, paternalism on the part of care providers, tokenism or stigmatization of mentally ill people."