scholarly journals Intelligent Approaches to Mining the Primary Research Literature: Techniques, Systems, and Examples

Author(s):  
Gully A. P. C. Burns ◽  
Donghui Feng ◽  
Eduard Hovy
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Michelle A. Hudson ◽  
Anne E. Cook

Much of the coursework in pre-service teacher education programs focuses on “best practices” in classroom teaching that span from general pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (e.g., methods, management, assessment, etc.), in addition to supervised practica and student teaching experiences. Given that pre-service (and in-service) education students are being prepared for a career in teaching, coursework should also prepare them to understand, critique, and adapt to changes in best practices that occur over the course of their careers. The authors argue that one of the best ways to prepare students for changes in educational practices is to help them understand where best practices come from in the first place—primary research in education. Reading, thinking critically about, and applying the findings from primary research articles can improve the professional development of pre-service teachers. The goals of this chapter are to 1) provide a review of the benefits of requiring primary research articles as required readings in undergraduate curriculum, 2) underscore the argument for why primary research should be included in pre-service teacher education curriculum, and 3) offer a model for how this could be implemented in a pre-service teacher education curriculum.


Author(s):  
Richard Ngo

This paper explores the potential use of endocannabinoidome molecules as a therapeutic approach to treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Google Scholar was used to obtain the primary research literature analyzed for this review. Studies which manipulate the endocannabinoid system through methods such as administration of 2-AG or AEA ligands, inhibiting breakdown enzymes, and using CB1 and CB2 agonists or antagonists have shown promising results in treating TBI; however, no pragmatic clinical therapy has been found so far. The discovery of similar molecules and receptors has resulted in the expansion of the endogenous system and bred the term endocannabinoidome, which incorporates the newly discovered molecules and receptors. Ligands of the endocannabinoidome produce similar therapeutic benefits for TBI but act by different receptor pathways, which may allow one to overcome current existing problems of manipulating the endocannabinoid system for TBI treatment. Currently, therapies used to treat TBI have many unwanted side effects, establishing the need for alternative research options. This paper examines three of these endocannabinoidome molecules that have been previously researched for treating TBI and illuminates their specific receptor pathways and how these receptor pathways operate differently from the ordinary pathways of the endocannabinoid system. Gaining an understanding of the receptor pathways used by endocannabinoidome molecules will open a new field of research for therapeutics to treat TBI.


2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Casby

A substantial contemporary research literature on the impact of otitis media with effusion (OME) on language development in young children currently exists. Compared to the reports of earlier retrospective research on the topic, the results of the more recent prospective studies may be viewed as less conclusive and more equivocal. Nonetheless, the negative impact of OME on young children’s language development appears to be a widely held belief. What is required now, in addition to the continuing primary research, and occasional qualitative/narrative reviews, is an objective quantitative analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of this research literature. The purpose of this project was to conduct such an examination employing the methodology of meta-analysis. The results of this meta-analysis of the contemporary primary research on OME and language development in young children show that the magnitude of the statistical population effect of OME is markedly low. Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that the findings of low population effects in this meta-analysis may be related to certain vicissitudes of the primary research. Among these are failure to determine research participants’ hearing levels, other intrinsic and/or extrinsic individual differences among the research participants, as well as the sensitivity of language measures used.


2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Gillen ◽  
Jasmine Vaughan ◽  
Bethany R. Lye

Using primary literature is an effective tool for promoting active learning and critical thinking in science classes. However, it can be challenging to use primary literature in large classes and in classes for nonscience majors. We describe the development and implementation of an online tutorial for helping nonscience majors learn to read primary literature in biology. The tutorial includes content about the scientific process and the structure of scientific papers and provides opportunities for students to practice reading primary literature. We describe the use of the tutorial in Biology of Exercise, a course for nonscience majors. Students used the tutorial outside of class to learn the basic principles involved in reading scientific papers, enabling class sessions to focus on active-learning activities and substantive class discussions.


Author(s):  
Michelle Juarez ◽  
Chloe Kenet

The impact of research depends on the effective communication of discoveries. Scientific writing is the primary tool for the dissemination of research, and is an important skill that biomedical trainees have to develop. Despite its importance, scientific writing is not part of the mainstream curriculum. One strategy used to teach scientific writing is holding a journal club style discussion of primary research literature that the students are asked to read. However, this activity can result in a passive learning experience and limit the development of trainees’ scientific writing skills. In order to improve trainees’ written communication skills, we tested an exercise that involved generating a revised article describing prior research, in essence “translating” the science into basic language. Following the guidelines set out by “Frontiers for Young Minds” and feedback received from “Young Reviewers”, we wrote a revised article with a simpler description of the research. In this article, we describe this scientific writing exercise, which may ultimately serve as a model for scientists to share their research more efficiently in order to promote better public health outcomes.


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