Self-Organised Criticality

2011 ◽  
pp. 345-360
Author(s):  
Annick Lesne ◽  
Michel Laguës
Keyword(s):  
Self Organised Criticality

Open questions

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Work Hardening ◽  
Dislocation Mobility ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Slip Bands ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Hydrogen Assisted Cracking ◽  
Self Organised Criticality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Induced Dislocation ◽  
Key Questions

Four areas requiring further research are introduced and possible PhD projects are identified. They are (i) workhardening, (ii) electroplasticity, (iii) mobility of dislocations and (iv) hydrogen-assisted cracking. In each case the topic is introduced and key questions are identified. Self-organised criticality and slip bands are considered in the discussion of work hardening. The impact of drag forces is considered in the discussionof dislocation mobility. Possible mechanisms for hyfrogen-assisted cracking include hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE), adsorption-induced dislocation emission (AIDE) and hydrogen-enhanced localised plasticity (HELP).

scholarly journals Parcels and particles: Markov blankets in the brain

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-76
Author(s):  
Karl J. Friston ◽  
Erik D. Fagerholm ◽  
Tahereh S. Zarghami ◽  
Thomas Parr ◽  
Inês Hipólito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Message Passing ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Dynamical Instability ◽  
Self Organised Criticality ◽  
Markov Blankets

At the inception of human brain mapping, two principles of functional anatomy underwrote most conceptions – and analyses – of distributed brain responses: namely functional segregation and integration. There are currently two main approaches to characterising functional integration. The first is a mechanistic modelling of connectomics in terms of directed effective connectivity that mediates neuronal message passing and dynamics on neuronal circuits. The second phenomenological approach usually characterises undirected functional connectivity (i.e., measurable correlations), in terms of intrinsic brain networks, self-organised criticality, dynamical instability, etc. This paper describes a treatment of effective connectivity that speaks to the emergence of intrinsic brain networks and critical dynamics. It is predicated on the notion of Markov blankets that play a fundamental role in the self-organisation of far from equilibrium systems. Using the apparatus of the renormalisation group, we show that much of the phenomenology found in network neuroscience is an emergent property of a particular partition of neuronal states, over progressively coarser scales. As such, it offers a way of linking dynamics on directed graphs to the phenomenology of intrinsic brain networks.

Self-Organised Criticality in Astrophysical Accretion Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol T82 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Dendy ◽  
P. Helander ◽  
M. Tagger
Keyword(s):  
Self Organised Criticality

Novel breakdown of the quantum Hall effect: An example of self-organised criticality?

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Elliott ◽  
Y Lu ◽  
K. L Phillips ◽  
W. G Herrenden-Harker ◽  
A Usher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Quantum Hall Effect ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Self Organised Criticality

scholarly journals Role of multifractal analysis in understanding the preparation zone for large size earthquake in the North-Western Himalaya region

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Teotia ◽  
D. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Western Himalaya ◽  
B Value ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Kashmir Earthquake ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Self Organised Criticality ◽  
North Western

Abstract. Seismicity has power law in space, time and magnitude distributions and same is expressed by the fractal dimension D, Omori's exponent p and b-value. The spatio-temporal patterns of epicenters have heterogeneous characteristics. As the crust gets self-organised into critical state, the spatio-temporal clustering of epicenters emerges to heterogeneous nature of seismicity. To understand the heterogeneous characteristics of seismicity in a region, multifractal studies hold promise to characterise the dynamics of region. Multifractal study is done on seismicity data of the North-Western Himalaya region which mainly involve seismogenic region of 1905 Kangra great earthquake in the North-Western Himalaya region. The seismicity data obtained from USGS catalogue for time period 1973–2009 has been analysed for the region which includes the October 2005 Muzafrabad-Kashmir earthquake (Mw =7.6). Significant changes have been observed in generalised dimension Dq, Dq spectra and b-value. The significant temporal changes in generalised dimension Dq, b-value and Dq−q spectra prior to occurrence of Muzaffrabad-Kashmir earthquake relates to distribution of epicenters in the region. The decrease in generalised dimension and b-value observed in our study show the relationship with the clustering of seismicity as is expected in self-organised criticality behaviour of earthquake occurrences. Such study may become important in understanding the preparation zone of large and great size earthquake in various tectonic regions.

Stress-forecasting: a viable alternative to earthquake prediction in a dynamic Earth

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Crampin
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Prediction ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Seismic Shear ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Wave Splitting ◽  
Self Organised Criticality ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractSelf-organised criticality of the crust appears to make deterministic earthquake prediction of time, place and magnitude of individual large earthquakes inherently impossible. This closes one line of approach to mitigating earthquake hazards. This paper suggests that a viable alternative to earthquake prediction is monitoring the build-up of stress before a large earthquake can occur. A new understanding of rock deformation allows stress changes to be monitored with seismic shear-wave splitting (seismic birefringence). With a suitable monitoring installation, this would allow the stochastic proximity of impending earthquakes to be recognised so that earthquakes could be forecast in the sense of recognising that crustal deformation was preparing for a large earthquake. Such stress-forecasting is not prediction, but, in many circumstances, a possible forecast crescendo of increasing urgency is exactly what is needed to best mitigate hazard to life and property.

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