Analysing the Impact of Everything But Arms Initiative Using a Gravity Model

Using trade flows data of ASEAN countries and China from 2002 to 2017, this studyestimates the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN countries and China’s trade balance in general,and also for Indonesia’s trade balance in specific by elaborating the impact of ACFTA onthe trade flows both exports and imports. Using the gravity model and estimating by OLSand PPML, this paper finds that the impact of tariffs elimination due to the implementationof ACFTA increased exports and imports for ASEAN countries and China in general, andfor Indonesia in particular. However, the aggregate trade balances of ASEAN membercountries and China is zero since the impact of ACFTA on imports offset the impact ofACFTA on exports. Tariff’s elimination due to the implementation of ACFTA on Indonesiashows a negative and statistically insignificant effect on imports and exports. Thus, tariffshave not played significant role on increasing Indonesia’s exports and imports. As a result,the impact of ACFTA on Indonesia’s trade balance cannot be quantified clearly since theimpact of tariffs on exports and imports are not significant.

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The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Location’s Choice of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions

Cuadernos Económicos de ICE ◽

10.32796/cice.2020.100.7123 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Federico Carril-Caccia ◽

Juliette Milgran Baleix

Keyword(s):

Environmental Policy ◽

Mergers And Acquisitions ◽

Environmental Regulation ◽

Gravity Model ◽

Institutional Quality ◽

Emerging Countries ◽

Extensive Margin ◽

Cross Border ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

This study contributes to the literature seeking to test the pollution haven’s hypothesis (PHH), by focusing on the influence of environmental policy on the location’s decision of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As). To this end, we estimate a gravity model using an original bilateral database for the extensive margin of M&A among 34 developed and emerging countries during the period 1995-2015. Reached evidence confirms only part of the pessimist predictions. A more stringent environmental regulation would not boost outward M&As to the extent that it originates from countries with relatively good institutional quality. In contrast, in countries with relatively high level of corruption, the laxer the environmental regulation, the higher the number of inward M&As. However, reducing corruption can compensate the competitiveness losses associated with the compliance of a stricter environmental regulation

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The Impact of the Economic Partnership Agreement on East African Community Trade with European Union: A Gravity Model Approach

10.7176/jesd/10-10-22 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Gravity Model ◽

East African ◽

East African Community ◽

Economic Partnership Agreement ◽

African Community ◽

Economic Partnership ◽

Partnership Agreement ◽

The Impact ◽

Model Approach

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L'impatto degli accordi Euro-mediterranei sull'ortofrutta italiana: alcuni risultati

ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE ◽

10.3280/ecag2009-002006 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 105-121

Author(s):

Alessandra Castellini ◽

Cinzia Pisano

Keyword(s):

Gravity Model ◽

Free Trade Area ◽

Gravity Equation ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Aggregate Level ◽

Trade Area ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Jel Code ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

- Sector: some Results Since 1995, the Barcelona Process aims to establish a free trade area between Mediterranean countries by 2010. The most commercialized products from Mediterranean countries are fruit and vegetables. The agreement defines, only for some products, preferences at the entrance of the eu market, limited concession for each partner for single products, limited quantities and calendars. This work tries to analyse the impact of the liberalization on the Italian products applying a gravity model in order to asses the Italian import flows from eight Mediterranean countries which signed the Barcelona agreement. The econometric estimation includes fruit and vegetables at the aggregate level and some specified products that enter in competition with typical Italian Mediterranean production such as citrus, melons, potatoes and tomatoes. Since these Mediterranean countries appear as a highly heterogeneous block related to historical, cultural, political and geographical factors, the gravity equation controls these factors by an augmented gravity equation.JEL Code: Q17 - Agriculture in International TradeParole chiave: accordi euro-mediterranei, mercato italiano, ortofrutta, competitivitŕ, gravity model

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The Impact of Structure Similarity of Nontariff Measures on Agricultural Trade

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10545

Author(s):

Sung Ju Cho ◽

Saera Oh ◽

Sang Hyeon Lee

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Gravity Model ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Agricultural Trade ◽

Technical Barriers To Trade ◽

Structure Similarity ◽

Regulatory Harmonization ◽

Phytosanitary Measures ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Impact

This study quantifies the structure similarity of nontariff measures between countries and estimates its impact on bilateral agricultural trade using a structural gravity model. The findings show that a similar structure of technical barriers to trade (TBT) between countries is likely to expand their bilateral trade. However, a similar structure of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) is shown to have negative impacts on agricultural trade. We also discuss the effects of regulatory harmonization on sustainable development.

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