Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Using Gene Knockout and Transgenic Mouse Models

2004 ◽  
pp. 639-660
Author(s):  
G. Elizondo ◽  
F. J. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity

Adrenal cortex development and maintenance; knowledge acquired from mouse models

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Abou Nader ◽  
Alexandre Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Endocrine Organ

Abstract The adrenal cortex is an endocrine organ organized into concentric zones that are specialized to produce specific steroid hormones essential for life. The development and maintenance of the adrenal cortex are complex, as a fetal adrenal is first formed from a common primordium with the gonads, followed by its separation in a distinct primordium, the invasion of the adrenal primordium by neural crest-derived cells to form the medulla, and finally its encapsulation. The fetal cortex is then replaced by a definitive cortex, which will establish zonation and be maintained throughout life by regeneration relying on the proliferation, centripetal migration and differentiation of several stem/progenitor cell populations whose activities are sex-specific. Here, we will highlight the advances made, using transgenic mouse models, to delineate the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes.

scholarly journals Androgens and spermatogenesis: lessons from transgenic mouse models

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1546) ◽  
pp. 1537-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Verhoeven ◽  
Ariane Willems ◽  
Evi Denolet ◽  
Johannes V. Swinnen ◽  
Karel De Gendt
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models

Transgenic mouse models have contributed considerably to our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which androgens control spermatogenesis. Cell-selective ablation of the androgen receptor (AR) in Sertoli cells (SC) results in a complete block in meiosis and unambiguously identifies the SC as the main cellular mediator of the effects of androgens on spermatogenesis. This conclusion is corroborated by similar knockouts in other potential testicular target cells. Mutations resulting in diminished expression of the AR or in alleles with increased length of the CAG repeat mimick specific human forms of disturbed fertility that are not accompanied by defects in male sexual development. Transcriptional profiling studies in mice with cell-selective and general knockouts of the AR, searching for androgen-regulated genes relevant to the control of spermatogenesis, have identified many candidate target genes. However, with the exception of Rhox5 , the identified subsets of genes show little overlap. Genes related to tubular restructuring, cell junction dynamics, the cytoskeleton, solute transportation and vitamin A metabolism are prominently present. Further research will be needed to decide which of these genes are physiologically relevant and to identify genes that can be used as diagnostic tools or targets to modulate the effects of androgens in spermatogenesis.

Transgenic mouse models of type I diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lipes ◽  
G. S. Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document