1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Kamphuis ◽  
R.M. Myers

A three dimensional facility for testing dynamic equilibrium and artificial nourishment of beaches was developed. Specific conclusions are drawn with respect to trap location and re-reflection of waves. It was found that dynamic equilibrium is achieved faster in three dimensional tests than in previous two dimensional work and that the profiles are eroding profiles rather than potential (limit) profiles. It was seen that profiles develop around the offshore bar which is shaped early in the experiments. Also the depth of the summer step was found predictable from critical shear stress considerations. Finally, onshore nourishment of eroding beaches was found to be successful.


1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suyama ◽  
T. Uda ◽  
T. Yoshimura

Field experiment of sand bypassing was conducted on the Shimoni—ikawa Coast in Toyama Bay. The materials of 5900 m3 dredged on the updrift coast of the harbor were thrown into behind the detached breakwater. After the nourishment detailed surveys of the bottom topography around the breakwaters, wave observations and tracer tests using colored concrete blocks were carried out in order to investigate the movement of the nourished sand. Temporal and spatial changes of the shoreline positions and the sectional area of the beach in the shoreward zone of the detached breakwater are examined. It is found through the field experiment that the materials nourished behind the detached breakwater were carried slowly in the longshore direction by the westward littoral drift, dominating on the coast, without the outflow of sand through the openings of the breakwaters. It is concluded that the detached breakwater is useful to control the on—offshore sand movement and to retain the sand behind the detached breakwater.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Rafal Ostrowski ◽  
Zbigniew Pruszak ◽  
Jan Schönhofer ◽  
Marek Szmytkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Szmytkiewicz

The system of timber palisade groins can be very helpful as a measure coexisting with artificial nourishment and increasing the lifetime of beach fills. To this end, good condition of groins and their permanent contact with land is necessary. On the basis of theoretical modelling and field surveys a conclusion has been formulated that coexistence of complete groins with artificial shore nourishment causes that about 30% less sediment is washed away from the nearshore zone than for beach fill without groins.


Author(s):  
Antonello Sica ◽  
Caterina Sagnelli ◽  
Alfonso Papa ◽  
Massimo Ciccozzi ◽  
Evangelista Sagnelli ◽  
...  

Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukemia in western countries and when association with del(11q) is correlated with a worse prognosis. We reported the clinical case of an 80-year-old patient with CLL related to del(11q) and a BMI of 16.4 kg/m2, who presented a voluminous mass in abdominal cavity (23 × 14 × 4 cm) which occupied the whole of the mesentery and the retroperitoneal space, treated with ibrutinib, adequate nutrition, and a program of physical activity. He showed a great improvement under ibrutinib therapy and took to artificial nourishment and adequate muscle rehabilitation until he recovered his autonomy. In August 2018, a 5-days-a-week training program was started: Physical activity for at least 20 min consisting of a fast walk in the open air three times a week and a moderate physical activity in the remaining two days of at least 20 consecutive minutes (cycling at a regular pace, carrying light weights). The exercise program included also aerobic, upper and lower limb resistance training, chore stability and stretches. The physical condition further improved and remained excellent throughout the follow-up period. In December 2018, his clinical condition was quite normal; a CT showed a great decrease of all lymphoadenomegaly, and FISH test did not show del(11q). He continued to cultivate his land, while still being treated with ibrutinib. The combination of the right therapy, adequate nutrition, and muscle rehabilitation is the best solution to improve the clinical condition of old cachectic CLL del(11q) patient.


1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Norio Tanaka

The heightening of a sea wall is often proposed for the purpose of decreasing the amount of wave-overtopping. In a recreation beach, however, the heightening of sea wall is undesirable from the view-point of environmental preservation and beach utilization. In this paper, instead of it, a proposal is made of the sea wall with a wide frontal step as well as the widening of beach by artificial nourishment. The frontal step is not only effective to decrease the amount of wave-overtopping, but also serves as a promenade for visitors. The widening of beach is known to serve to decrease wave-overtopping as well as to increase the utility for recreation. However, the protection of the nourished beach itself becomes sometimes a difficult problem. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of a wide frontal step and the effect of several protective measures for the nourished beach are described on the basis of model and field tests conducted for the improvement of Suma Beach. Suma Beach is a recreational beach situated west of Kobe Port as shown in Fig. 1. The shore-line is about 2 km long and runs from east to west (Fig.11). The beach profile, as shown in Fig.2, has the narrow backshore at about 3 m above L.W.L. and a small step at about 1.5 m below L.W.L. The beach slope is 1/10 in the foreshore, 1/25-1/30 between 2 and 5 m below L.W.L and 1/60-1/80 in the offshore beyond about 6 m below L.W.L. The waves are predominant from the direction of SSW so that the beach materials tend to move eastward along the shore.


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