The Role of Technology in Manufacturing Employment and Productivity Growth: A Cross Country Micro Data Analysis of Japan and the United States

1999 ◽  
pp. 179-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Jarmin ◽  
Kazuyuki Motohashi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Manufacturing Employment ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals The NAIRU in Theory and Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Ball ◽  
N. Gregory Mankiw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Business Cycle Theory ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This paper discusses the NAIRU—the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment. It first considers the role of the NAIRU concept in business cycle theory, arguing that this concept is implicit in any model in which monetary policy influences both inflation and unemployment. The exact value of the NAIRU is hard to measure, however, in part because it changes over time. The paper then discusses why the NAIRU changes and, in particular, why it fell in the United States during the 1990s. The most promising hypothesis is that the decline in the NAIRU is attributable to the acceleration in productivity growth.

The Role of Physical Therapists Within Hospice and Palliative Care in the United States and Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wilson ◽  
Christine H. Stiller ◽  
Deborah J. Doherty ◽  
Kristine A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care

Purpose: Little is known regarding the extent to which physical therapy is integrated into Hospice and Palliative Care (HPC). The purpose of this study was to describe perceptions of physical therapists (PTs) regarding their role within HPC or working with patients having life-threatening illnesses and to develop a conceptual framework depicting a PTs role within HPC and factors affecting it. Participants: Ten PTs, 5 from the United States and 5 from Canada, with at least 5 years of physical therapy experience and 5 years working experience with patients having life-threatening illnesses or in HPC. Methods: Demographic data were collected by electronic questionnaire. A semistructured interview was conducted with each participant to investigate their perceptions about the role of PTs in HPC. Data Analysis: Interview results were analyzed for trends between participants, practice settings, regions, and other sociocultural aspects. The constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was used to identify similarities and differences and to develop themes and concepts relative to the role of PT in HPC. Results: Participants identified their 3 primary roles in HPC: providing patient/family care, serving as an interdisciplinary team member, and fulfilling professional responsibilities outside of direct patient care. They described factors within and outside direct patient care which influenced their roles. Concepts included shifting priorities, care across the continuum, and changing perceptions of PTs within HPC. Clinical Relevance: This study described perceptions of the role of PTs within HPC that may be utilized when coordinating future strategies to appropriately promote and expand the role.

scholarly journals Misallocation, Establishment Size, and Productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Bento ◽  
Diego Restuccia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Endogenous Entry ◽  
Aggregate Output ◽  
Establishment Size ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Quantitative Impact

We consider a model of heterogeneous production units with endogenous entry and productivity investment to assess the quantitative impact of policy distortions: when the productivity elasticity of distortions increases from 0.09 in the United States to 0.5 in India, aggregate output and average establishment size fall by 53 and 86 percent (37 and 0 percent in the standard factor misallocation model). Entry productivity and factor misallocation contribute equally to the reduction in output, whereas lower life-cycle productivity growth is fully offset by increased entry and reduced productivity dispersion. Establishment size differences are consistent with evidence from a new comprehensive cross-country dataset. (JEL D92, E23, E24, L25, L60, O10, O14)

scholarly journals Forces Shaping Hours Worked in the OECD, 1960–2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Key Features

The goal of this paper is to examine the role of taxes and productivity growth as forces influencing market hours. To achieve this goal, the paper considers a calibrated growth model extended to include home production and subsistence consumption, both of which are found to be key features influencing market hours. The model is simulated for 15 OECD countries. The primary force driving changes in market hours is found to be changing labor income tax rates. Productivity catch-up relative to the United States is found to be an important secondary force. (JEL E24, H24, H31, J22, J24)

Selective Avoidance on Social Media: A Comparative Study of Western Democracies

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110054
Author(s):  
Marko M. Skoric ◽  
Qinfeng Zhu ◽  
Karolina Koc-Michalska ◽  
Shelley Boulianne ◽  
Bruce Bimber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Western Democracies

This study examines the phenomena of political unfriending and content removal on social media in three Western democracies—France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We seek to understand the role of crosscutting discussion, confrontational discussion style, and ideological extremity in triggering unfriending and content removal on social media, while shedding light on cross-country differences. The findings show that selective avoidance behaviors are much more common in the United States than either in France or the United Kingdom. They also show that crosscutting discussion and confrontational style are the predictors of selective avoidance across all the above countries, while ideological extremity plays a role in the United States only. We suggest that while social media provide opportunities for citizens to engage in discussions with people with dissimilar political views and socioeconomic backgrounds, they also allow them to easily reestablish more homophilous environments via content removal and tie dissolution.

The Role of Gender and Sensation Seeking in Film Choice

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Kathryn Greene ◽  
Marina Krcmar ◽  
Zhanna Bagdasarov ◽  
Dovile Ruginyte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Happy Mood

This study demonstrates the significance of individual difference factors, particularly gender and sensation seeking, in predicting media choice (examined through hypothetical descriptions of films that participants anticipated they would view). This study used a 2 (Positive mood/negative mood) × 2 (High arousal/low arousal) within-subject design with 544 undergraduate students recruited from a large northeastern university in the United States. Results showed that happy films and high arousal films were preferred over sad films and low-arousal films, respectively. In terms of gender differences, female viewers reported a greater preference than male viewers for happy-mood films. Also, male viewers reported a greater preference for high-arousal films compared to female viewers, and female viewers reported a greater preference for low-arousal films compared to male viewers. Finally, high sensation seekers reported a preference for high-arousal films. Implications for research design and importance of exploring media characteristics are discussed.

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