Olfactory EEG Changes under Serial Discrimination of Odorants by Rabbits

Abstract Background Elderly people with epilepsy are large, but neglected group. Data on the predictive factors for recurrent seizures in the elderly population are inconclusive or are not known for the majority of patients. This is especially true for the Egyptian population as no specific study was concluded to address this issue before. Objectives The aim of this study was to detect the predictive factors of epilepsy outcome in a sample of Egyptian aged population. Materials and methods A total of 100 patients aged 50 years or older with epilepsy diagnosed according to International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) latest definition were included in the study and followed up for 6 months as regards seizure control. All participants were prospectively evaluated for epidemiological, clinical, radiological, electrodiagnostic, and laboratory data. Results The outcome was statistically significant affected in relation to absence of medical comorbidities (P = 0.037), seizure etiology (P = 0.007), history of status epilepticus (P < 0.001), MRI brain findings (P = 0.005), EEG changes (P < 0.001), Ca (P = 0.01), and Mg level (P = 0.046). Conclusion We conclude that aged Egyptian epileptic population with no medical comorbidities, normal MRI brain, or normal EEG can be predicted to have good outcome of their epilepsy while patients with post stroke epilepsy, abnormal MRI brain, and abnormal EEG, with low serum Ca or Mg level can be predicted to have poor outcome.

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The Effect of a Single Dose of Quazepam (Sch-16134) on the Sleep of Chronic Insomniacs

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006057900700620 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 583-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Thomas Roth ◽

Elizabeth I Tietz ◽

Milton Kramer ◽

Mark Kaffeman

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Subjective Measures ◽

Sleep Maintenance ◽

Eeg Changes ◽

Different Doses ◽

Polysomnographic Recording

The present study evaluated the efficacy of 25 mg of quazepam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic, in a population of chronic insomniacs. The results indicate that a single dose (25 mg) administered for one night was efficacious when measured both objectively by polysomnographic recording and subjectively by questionnaire with no reported side-effects. The change in the objective measures paralleled the direction of change in subjective measures. Sleep efficiency and sleep maintenance were improved without EEG changes in Stages 2, 3-4, and REM. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of quazepam in chronic insomniacs.

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Exploring Neurofeedback Training for BMI Power Augmentation of Upper Limbs: A Pilot Study

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23040443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 443

Author(s):

Hongbo Liang ◽

Shota Maedono ◽

Yingxin Yu ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Naoya Ueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Training Session ◽

Training System ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Shoulder Joints ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Training Stage ◽

Beta Power ◽

Eeg Changes ◽

Machine Interface ◽

Flexion And Extension

Electroencephalography neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) training can induce changes in the power of targeted EEG bands. The objective of this study is to enhance and evaluate the specific changes of EEG power spectral density that the brain-machine interface (BMI) users can reliably generate for power augmentation through EEG-NFB training. First, we constructed an EEG-NFB training system for power augmentation. Then, three subjects were assigned to three NFB training stages, based on a 6-day consecutive training session as one stage. The subjects received real-time feedback from their EEG signals by a robotic arm while conducting flexion and extension movement with their elbow and shoulder joints, respectively. EEG signals were compared with each NFB training stage. The training results showed that EEG beta (12–40 Hz) power increased after the NFB training for both the elbow and the shoulder joints’ movements. EEG beta power showed sustained improvements during the 3-stage training, which revealed that even the short-term training could improve EEG signals significantly. Moreover, the training effect of the shoulder joints was more obvious than that of the elbow joints. These results suggest that NFB training can improve EEG signals and clarify the specific EEG changes during the movement. Our results may even provide insights into how the neural effects of NFB can be better applied to the BMI power augmentation system and improve the performance of healthy individuals.

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