Hand-Movement-Related Neurons of the Posterior Parietal Cortex of the Monkey: Their Role in the Visual Guidance of Hand Movements

1992 ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakata ◽  
M. Taira ◽  
S. Mine ◽  
A. Murata
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Visual Guidance ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Disrupts Eye-Hand Interactions in the Posterior Parietal Cortex

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1677-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Van Donkelaar ◽  
Ji-Hang Lee ◽  
Anthony S. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Hand Coordination

Recent neurophysiological studies have started to shed some light on the cortical areas that contribute to eye-hand coordination. In the present study we investigated the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in this process in normal, healthy subjects. This was accomplished by delivering single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the PPC to transiently disrupt the putative contribution of this area to the processing of information related to eye-hand coordination. Subjects made open-loop pointing movements accompanied by saccades of the same required amplitude or by saccades that were substantially larger. Without TMS the hand movement amplitude was influenced by the amplitude of the corresponding saccade; hand movements accompanied by larger saccades were larger than those accompanied by smaller saccades. When TMS was applied over the left PPC just prior to the onset of the saccade, a marked reduction in the saccadic influence on manual motor output was observed. TMS delivered at earlier or later periods during the response had no effect. Taken together, these data suggest that the PPC integrates signals related to saccade amplitude with limb movement information just prior to the onset of the saccade.

scholarly journals Cortical Mechanisms for Online Control of Hand Movement Trajectory: The Role of the Posterior Parietal Cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2848-2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe S. Archambault ◽  
Roberto Caminiti ◽  
Alexandra Battaglia-Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Online Control ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Posterior Parietal

scholarly journals Posterior parietal cortex contains a command apparatus for hand movements

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. 4255-4260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Alban Rathelot ◽  
Richard P. Dum ◽  
Peter L. Strick
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Lateral Region ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Premotor Areas

Mountcastle and colleagues proposed that the posterior parietal cortex contains a “command apparatus” for the operation of the hand in immediate extrapersonal space [Mountcastle et al. (1975) J Neurophysiol 38(4):871–908]. Here we provide three lines of converging evidence that a lateral region within area 5 has corticospinal neurons that are directly linked to the control of hand movements. First, electrical stimulation in a lateral region of area 5 evokes finger and wrist movements. Second, corticospinal neurons in the same region of area 5 terminate at spinal locations that contain last-order interneurons that innervate hand motoneurons. Third, this lateral region of area 5 contains many neurons that make disynaptic connections with hand motoneurons. The disynaptic input to motoneurons from this portion of area 5 is as direct and prominent as that from any of the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. Thus, our results establish that a region within area 5 contains a motor area with corticospinal neurons that could function as a command apparatus for operation of the hand.

Activity of hand movement-related neuorns in the posterior parietal cortex of monkeys

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S46
Author(s):  
Masato Taira ◽  
Hideo Sakata ◽  
Hidetoshi Shibutani ◽  
Seiichiro Mine ◽  
A.P. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Posterior Parietal

The hand and the object: the role of posterior parietal cortex in forming motor representations

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jeannerod
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Visuomotor Coordination ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Parietal Lesion

The hypothesis of several subsystems for processing visual information is expanded to the context of visuomotor functions. It is proposed that object-oriented actions involve three main types of processing whether the object is to be localized, identified, or grasped and manipulated. Neurological evidence from patients is provided, showing that each type of processing pertains to a distinct pathway. Whereas identification is impaired by lesions affecting the occipitotemporal pathway, localization and grasping are processed in posterior patrietal cortex. A new clinical case with a parietal lesion is presented, where the grasping deficit contrasted with preservation of both identification and localization. This result suggests separate representations for localizing and grasping within parietal cortex.Key words: visuomotor coordination, hand movements, parietal cortex, neuropsychology.

scholarly journals Enhancing Gesture Decoding Performance Using Signals from Posterior Parietal Cortex: A Stereo-Electroencephalograhy (SEEG) Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Guangye Li ◽  
Shize Jiang ◽  
Zixuan Wei ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Visuomotor Task ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Decoding Accuracy

AbstractObjectiveHand movement is a crucial function for humans’ daily life. Developing brain-machine interface (BMI) to control a robotic hand by brain signals would help the severely paralyzed people partially regain the functional independence. Previous intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG)-based BMIs towards gesture decoding mostly used neural signals from the primary sensorimotor cortex while ignoring the hand movement related signals from posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Here, we propose combining iEEG recordings from PPC with that from primary sensorimotor cortex to enhance the gesture decoding performance of iEEG-based BMI.ApproachStereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) signals from 25 epilepsy subjects were recorded when they performed a three-class hand gesture task. Across all 25 subjects, we identified 524, 114 and 221 electrodes from three regions of interest (ROIs), including PPC, postcentral cortex (POC) and precentral cortex (PRC), respectively. Based on the time-varying high gamma power (55-150 Hz) of SEEG signal, both the general activation in the task and the fine selectivity to gestures of each electrode in these ROIs along time was evaluated by the coefficient of determination r2. According to the activation along time, we further assessed the first activation time of each ROI. Finally, the decoding accuracy for gestures was obtained by linear support vector machine classifier to comparatively explore if the PPC will assist PRC and POC for gesture decoding.Main ResultsWe find that a majority(L: >60%, R: >40%) of electrodes in all the three ROIs present significant activation during the task. A large scale temporal activation sequence exists among the ROIs, where PPC activates first, PRC second and POC last. Among the activated electrodes, 15% (PRC), 26% (POC) and 4% (left PPC) of electrodes are significantly selective to gestures. Moreover, decoding accuracy obtained by combining the selective electrodes from three ROIs together is 5%, 3.6%, and 8% higher than that from only PRC and POC when decoding features across, before, and after the movement onset, were used.SignificanceThis is the first human iEEG study demonstrating that PPC contains neural information about fine hand movement, supporting the role of PPC in hand shape encoding. Combining PPC with primary sensorimotor cortex can provide more information to improve the gesture decoding performance. Our results suggest that PPC could be a rich neural source for iEEG-based BMI. Our findings also demonstrate the early involvement of human PPC in visuomotor task and thus may provide additional implications for further scientific research and BMI applications.

scholarly journals Effector-dependent modulation of working memory maintenance in posterior parietal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Pilacinski ◽  
Melanie S. Höller-Wallscheid ◽  
Axel Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus

ABSTRACTWorking memory (WM) is the key process linking perception to action. Several lines of research have, accordingly, highlighted WM’s engagement in sensori-motor associations between retrospective stimuli and future behavior. Using human fMRI we investigated whether prior information about the effector used to report in a WM task would have an impact on the way the same sensory stimulus is maintained in memory – even if a behavioral response could not be readily planned. Specifically, we focused on WM-related activity in posterior parietal cortex during the maintenance of spatial items for a subsequent match-to-sample comparison, which was reported either with a verbal or with a manual response. We expected WM activity to be higher for manual response trials, because of posterior parietal cortex’s engagement in both spatial WM and hand movement preparation. Increased fMRI activity for manual response trials in bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus confirmed our expectations. These results imply that the maintenance of sensory material in WM is optimized for motor context of the upcoming behavioral responses.

scholarly journals Sensory-Spatial Transformations in the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex May Contribute to Reach Timing

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2375-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Torres ◽  
Anastasia Raymer ◽  
Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi ◽  
Kenneth M. Heilman ◽  
Howard Poizner
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Guidance ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Geometric Measure ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Normal Controls

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contains viewer-centered spatial maps important for reaching movements. It is known that spatial reaching deficits emerge when this region is damaged, yet less is known about temporal deficits that may also emerge because of a failure in sensory-spatial transformations. This work introduces a new geometric measure to quantify multimodal sensory transformation and integration deficits affecting the tempo of reaching trajectories that are induced by injury to the left PPC. Erratic rates of positional change involving faulty maps from rotational angular displacements to translational linear displacements contributed to temporal abnormalities in the reach. Such disruptions were quantified with a time-invariant geometric measure. This measure, paired with an experimental paradigm that manipulated the source of visual guidance for reaches, was used to compare the performance of normal controls to those from a patient (T.R.) who had a lesion in his left-PPC. For controls, the source of visual guidance significantly scaled the tempo of target-directed reaches but did not change the geometric measure. This was not the case in patient T.R., who altered this measure. With continuous, extrapersonal visual feedback of the target, however, these abnormalities improved. Vision of the target rather than vision of his moving hand also improved his arm-joint rotations for posture control. These results show that the left PPC is critically important for visuo-motor transformations that specifically rely on extrapersonal cues to align rotational-arm and linear-hand displacements and to continuously integrate their rates of change. The intactness of this system contributes to the fluidity of the reach's tempo.

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