International Collaboration toward a Global Environmental System

1996 ◽  
pp. 181-228
Author(s):  
S. Kato ◽  
Y. Cho ◽  
M. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Global Environmental

scholarly journals Dokriani glacier(Dingarh glacier) and its geological analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanuj Shukla ◽  
Sanjay Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Mass ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis

The study of geomorphological system not only gives information about environmental processes operating there but also relate them whith global environmental system. The geomorphological analysis of Dokriani glacier, Garhwal Himalaya shows five phases of glacial advancement and retreat in the form of well preserved lateral and terminal moraines. The observed retreat rate of glacier in last two decades is about 17.2 m/yr which represents its negative mass balance followed by change in snout position, area and surface height. The farthest glacier expansion of the valley represented as terminal moraine is situated at 8.3 km from present day snout. Whereas, the other sucsessive glacial stages has followed the similar fashion of glacial advancement due to climatic sensitiveness.

scholarly journals International Civil Aviation Organization as a climate governance forum: an analysis of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Veronica Kober Gonçalves ◽  
Marcela Braga Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Carbon Offsetting ◽  
Global Environmental

In 2016, States agreed to address international civil aviation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The article describes the route to the agreement reached by ICAO’s 39th Assembly and presents the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), in order to contextualize the scheme and point out some of its limitations. We situate the debate about the international regulation of emissions at ICAO taking into account the contribution of the aviation sector to the global environment, which requires the enlargement of the scope of analysis, in order to consider the ethical implications of the consequences of climate change to communities and to the environment. CORSIA could be considered a call to responsiveness of the aviation sector for its contribution to climate change. The results of negotiations so far indicate the agreement does not represent a sufficient and comprehensive response to the challenges posed to the global environmental system.

A Robust Fuzzy Decision Making on Global Warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousik Bhattacharya ◽  
Sujit Kumar De ◽  
Prasun Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Programming Problem ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Indicator Model

Background: In this article we develop a global warming indicator model under fuzzy system. It is the light of sun that environmental pollution is responsible for the cause and immediate effect of global warming. Limited amount of oxygen in the air, continuous decrease of fresh water volume, more especially the amount of drinking water and the rise of temperature in the globe are the major symptoms (variants) of global warming. Thus, to capture the facts we need to develop a mathematical model which has not yet been developed by the earlier researchers. Introduction: An efficient literature survey has been done over the three major parameters of the environment namely oxygen, fresh water and surface temperature exclusively. In fact we have accumulated 150 years-data structure for these major components and have analyzed them under fuzzy system so as to develop an efficient global warming indicator model. Method: First of all, we gave few definitions on fuzzy set. Utilizing the data set we have constructed appropriate membership functions of the three major components of the environment. Then applying goal programming problem, we have constructed a fuzzy global warming indicator (GWI) model subject to some goal constraints with respective priority vectors (Scenario 1 and Scenario 2). An extension has also been included for multi-valued goal programming problem and numerical illustrations have been done with the help of LINGO software. Result: Numerical study reveals that the GWI takes maximum and minimum values in a decreasing manner as time increases. It is seen that for scenario 1, the global environmental system will attain its stability after 30 years by degrading 31% of GWI with respect to present base line. For scenario 2, after the same time the global environmental system will attain its stability quite slowly by degrading 28% of GWI with respect to present base line. Conclusion: Here we have studied a mathematical model of global warming first time using fuzzy system. No other mathematical models have been existed in the literature. Thus, the basic novelty lies in a robust decision-making approach which shows the expected time of extinction of major species in this world. However, extensive study on data analytics over major environmental components can tell the stability of the global warming indicator and hence the future fate of the globe also.

Nature, Labour and Agriculture: Towards Common Ground in New Histories of Capitalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Julie McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Ecological View ◽  
Resource Perspective ◽  
Capital Value

Goods developed and exchanged in the production of capital value are commodified nature that is acted upon by humans. Yet new histories of capitalism have for the most part ignored nature as impacted by this economic, social, and environmental system, and the agency of nature in commodification processes. This article responds to the call from a leading historian of capitalism to consider “the countryside” as a neglected geography of human-nature relations that is integral to generating capital value. It asks whether co-exploitation of “the soil and the worker,” as Marx stated of industrialising agriculture in Britain, also occurred in Australia. To answer this, I have drawn together histories of environment, economy, and labour that are concerned with soils and labour for agriculture, which has resulted in a twofold conclusion. First, it is a feature of capitalist production in Australia that the tenacity of “yeoman” or family farming as the model for Australian market-based agriculture did not exploit labour. Farming has, however, transformed Australian soils in many places from their natural state. This transformation is viewed as necessary from a resource perspective but damaging from an ecological view. Second, Australian historians of labour and environment do not participate in international debates about whether or how to consider the historical intersection of nature and labour, or, indeed, nature, labour, and capitalism. The reasons for this are historical and methodological. The environment-labour divide among historians is relevant as global environmental and social crises motivate the search for new sources and relational methods to historicise these connected crises.

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