An ecological view of New Developmentalism: a proposal of integration

ABSTRACT Article aims to integrate New Developmentalism with Ecological View by means of the concepts of Ecological Structural Change (ESC) and Eco-Developmental Class-Coalition (EDCC). ESC means to increase the share of green manufacturing sector in GDP and employment for increasing the environmental efficiency of the economy. Exchange rate overvaluation caused by Dutch disease and growth with foreign savings can harm green manufacturing industries even more than brown manufacturing industries. ESC needs the existence of an EDCC that can be made difficult to occur if exchange rate over-valuation is not removed through taxes over commodities exports, capital controls and a dual mandate for the Central Bank.

MEMAHAMI PANDANGAN EKOLOGI KORRIE LAYUN RAMPAN MELALUI TIGA CERITA PENDEK DALAM ANTOLOGI RIAM

Abstrak Penelitian ini mengungkapkan pandangan ekologi Korrie Layun Rampan sebagai pengarang tiga cerita pendek, yaitu "Teluk Par", Sungai Nyuatan", dan "Madu Lomuq" yang terdapat dalam Antologi Riam. Pandangan tersebut meliputi gambaran dan cara-cara hidup masyarakat berhubungan dengan alam. Masalah yang difokuskan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pandangan ekologi Korrie yang terdapat dalam ketiga cerita pendek tersebut? Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah, yaitu dengan cara mendeskripsikan gambaran alam dan cara-cara ekologi masyarakat dalam kehidupan mereka. Dengan menggunakan teori ekokritik sastra, tulisan ini menganalisis pandangan-pandangan Korrie yang terbagi dalam kajian pastoral, apokaliptik, dan etika lingkungan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan/menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kajian ekologi ssatra yang ditemukan dalam ketiga cerita pendek tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Korrie Layun Rampan adalah pengarang yang memiliki konsep ekologi dalan karya-karyanya. Kata kunci: pandangan, ekologi, Korrie, cerpen Abstract This study reveals the ecological view of Korrie Layun Rampan as the author of three short stories, of "Teluk Par", Sungai Nyuatan", and "Madu Lomuq" from the Riam Anthology. These views include the description and ways of life of the community in relation to nature. The problem of this research is how Korrie's ecological views are contained in the three short stories? Qualitative methods are used to solve the problem, by describing the picture of nature and the ecological ways of society in their lives. Using literary ecocritic theory, this paper analyzes Korrie's views are divided into pastoral, apocalyptic, and environmental studies. The results of the research prove/show that there is a literary ecology study found in the three short stories. From the results of the study it can be concluded that Korrie Layun Rampan is an author who has an ecological concept in his works. Keywords: views, ecology, Korrie, shorstories

Contextualizing oppositional cultures: The variable significance of gender and ethnic minority status across schools

Different lines of research have argued that specific groups, such as boys or ethnic minorities, are more prone to develop an anti-school culture than others, leading to group differences in the social acceptance of high performers. Taking an ecological view, we ask to what extent the school context promotes or prevents the emergence of group-specific oppositional cultures. Theoretically, we argue that group-based oppositional cultures become more likely in schools with low socio-economic resources and in schools where socio-economic differences align with demographic attributes. We test our hypotheses based on data from a large-scale, four-wave network panel survey among more than 4,000 students in Germany. Applying stochastic actor-oriented models for the coevolution of networks and behavior, we find that group-based oppositional cultures in which students like high performers less are very rare. However, in line with theoretical expectations, the less resourceful a school is, the more boys tend to evaluate high-performing peers less positively than girls do. Moreover, the more ethnic minority boys are socioeconomically disadvantaged in a school, the more they tend to evaluate high performers less positively than majority boys do.

Nature, Labour and Agriculture: Towards Common Ground in New Histories of Capitalism

Goods developed and exchanged in the production of capital value are commodified nature that is acted upon by humans. Yet new histories of capitalism have for the most part ignored nature as impacted by this economic, social, and environmental system, and the agency of nature in commodification processes. This article responds to the call from a leading historian of capitalism to consider “the countryside” as a neglected geography of human-nature relations that is integral to generating capital value. It asks whether co-exploitation of “the soil and the worker,” as Marx stated of industrialising agriculture in Britain, also occurred in Australia. To answer this, I have drawn together histories of environment, economy, and labour that are concerned with soils and labour for agriculture, which has resulted in a twofold conclusion. First, it is a feature of capitalist production in Australia that the tenacity of “yeoman” or family farming as the model for Australian market-based agriculture did not exploit labour. Farming has, however, transformed Australian soils in many places from their natural state. This transformation is viewed as necessary from a resource perspective but damaging from an ecological view. Second, Australian historians of labour and environment do not participate in international debates about whether or how to consider the historical intersection of nature and labour, or, indeed, nature, labour, and capitalism. The reasons for this are historical and methodological. The environment-labour divide among historians is relevant as global environmental and social crises motivate the search for new sources and relational methods to historicise these connected crises.

Eco-critical Discourse Analysis of the Indonesian President’s Statement at the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris

This study investigates the representation of the environmental, ecological, and climate change issue in the Indonesian President’s Joko Widodo statement at the COP21, 2015. The data was taken from the transcript published by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry's official website. It is selected according to the popularity of the President and to learn about his ecological view based on the way he represented the country's ecological issue at the global event. The analysis was carried out within an eco-critical discourse analysis framework, which started by investigating the ideology using Fairclough's three-dimensional model. Then, the ideology was judged using the ecolinguistics perspectives proposed by Stibbe (2015a, 2020). The result shows that President Joko Widodo’s ecological-ideology can be regarded as 'prosaic: environmental problem solving', of which this study concludes that his speech can be defined as a 'beneficial discourse' that has to be promoted widely to raise the awareness of language use regarding an environmental issue.

Marx's critical discourse for thinking about environmental devastation: a perspective beyond the hegemonic imaginaries of sustainability

The historical development of contemporary capitalism has produced an environmental crisis of global dimensions. The predominance of harmful capital technology determines the deployment of the capital productive forces that overexploit and pollute nature in ways never seen before. In this context, the present study aims to advance towards the reconstruction of the ecological streak of Marxism from Marx's critical discourse, distancing itself from both the hegemonic imaginaries of sustainability. An exploratory analysis of documents was followed to present the arguments that both Conventional Economics (CE) and environmental economics deploy to try to explain contemporary environmental devastation, and subsequently, from this impotent criticism and prey to the logic of the market and value as a social form, it goes on to structure the hegemonic imaginaries of sustainability. In this sense, this paper argues for the need for the critical and scientific discourse of Karl Marx to think about the environmental devastation and the objective conditions of possibility for ecological capitalism; thus, it was possible to address the ecological and political-libertarian dimension of Marx's thought and the task of developing it to break with the hegemonic views of sustainability; and overcome the series of misrepresentations and misstatements that have been made to an alleged anti-ecological view of Marx. The study concluded that, while the struggle for the environment has become somewhat urgent, this front does not replace that of the class struggle; that is, the contradiction between capital and nature does not subordinate to the contradiction between capital and labor but, on the contrary, updates it. Therefore, the validity of Marx's critical discourse is essential, in its genesis and development, to make an ecological criticism of the economics and politics of contemporary capitalism.