This article is devoted to the formation of educational systems in Russia and in the world. The factors of their formation, which are certain milestones on the historic path of the world education systems’ development, are considered in their real condition. The current state of education in different groups of countries is analyzed, as well as the tasks that they face. The demands of global information society in educational sphere and new technological opportunities, in particular multilevel system of programmed on-line education in Russia, are also studied.