Blood pressure monitors in studies of cardiovascular response

1984 ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita Falkner ◽  
David T. Lowenthal ◽  
Harvey Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitors

scholarly journals Impact of Standing Speed on the Peripheral and Central Hemodynamic Response to Orthostasis

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. O’Connor ◽  
Matthew D. L. O’Connell ◽  
Hugh Nolan ◽  
Louise Newman ◽  
Silvin P. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Central Hemodynamic

Assessment of the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular response to standing has prognostic value for a range of outcomes in the older adult population. Studies generally attempt to control for standing speed differences by asking participants to stand in a specified time but little is known about the range of transition times observed. This study aimed to characterize how standing speed associates with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular measures following transition from supine to standing. Continuous cerebral oxygenation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored for 3 minutes after transitioning from supine to standing. An algorithm was used to calculate the time taken to transition from existing Finometer data (from the height correction unit). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the influence of transition time on each of the signals while adjusting for covariates. Transition time ranged from 2 to 27 s with 17% of participants taking >10 s to stand. Faster transition was associated with a more extreme decrease 10 s after standing but improved recovery at 20 s for cerebral oxygenation and blood pressure. Standing faster was associated with an elevated heart rate on initiation of stand and a quicker recovery 10 to 20 s after standing. The speed of transitioning from supine to standing position is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular response in the early period after standing (<40 s). Care should be taken in the interpretation of findings which may be confounded by standing speed and statistical adjustment for standing time should be applied where appropriate.

BpTRUth: Do automated blood pressure monitors outperform mercury?

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Edwards ◽  
Swapnil Hiremath ◽  
Ankur Gupta ◽  
Brendan B. McCormick ◽  
Marcel Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitors

Abstract 119: Influence of Anesthetics on the Hemodynamic Response in a Rat Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Balzer ◽  
Franz J Baudenbacher ◽  
Susan S Eagle ◽  
Michele M Salzman ◽  
William J Cleveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Arterial Blood

Introduction: Experimental models of hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats are important to test new treatments that may improve outcomes in humans, and general anesthesia is required during these experiments. The volatile anesthetic Isoflurane is known for its beneficial effects in rat HS models. Focusing on cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms, we wanted to evaluate Isoflurane versus the injectable anesthetic Pentobarbital in our rat model of mild HS (class 2). We hypothesize that Isoflurane during development of HS improves hemodynamics compared to Pentobarbital. Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were initially anesthetized with an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Pentobarbital (45 mg/kg) and intubated (1 L/min, FiO 2 0.25); heart rate (HR) was monitored by subcutaneous ECG needles. Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for continuous blood pressure measurement and delivery of fluids, respectively. In one group (n=7), anesthesia was continued with repeated IP injections of Pentobarbital (dose mg/kg), the other group (n=5) received continuous Isoflurane (1%). After 30 min of stabilization and administration of Heparin (100 IU/kg), HS was induced by removal of 1 ml of blood over 1 min via the femoral vein, repeated every 3 min until a volume of 5 ml of blood was removed. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded and analyzed in LabChart. Results: During baseline, rats showed no significant differences in HR and MAP between both groups. After 5 ml of hemorrhage, both groups showed significant changes compared to baseline, with significantly higher MAP and HR in rats given only Pentobarbital. Conclusions: In our rat model of HS, Isoflurane dampens the physiologic response to compensate for mild hemorrhage. The cardiovascular response of rats in the Isoflurane group was a decrease of HR and MAP to every ml of hemorrhage, while rats given only Pentobarbital were able to maintain their MAP by raising their HR until decompensation.

scholarly journals Chronotopic and blood pressure response to oral glucose load in chagas' disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Guariento ◽  
Elza Olga ◽  
Ana Muscelli ◽  
José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Insulin Activity

Cardiac chronotropic and pressor responses after an oral load of glucose were assessed in sixteen Chagasic subjects and 28 controls by means of blood pressure and pulse rate measurements. Cardiovascular response was correlated with serum insulin and glucose levels. The experiment identified a subgroup of Chagasic subjects (n=8) with a hypoinsulinemic behavior presenting less chronotropic and pressor responses than controls. This may indicate a lower insulin activity and/or an early Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction in this subgroup.

scholarly journals Refined Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy to Analyse Post-Exercise Cardiovascular Response in Older Adults With Orthostatic Intolerance

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Hortelano ◽  
Richard Reilly ◽  
Francisco Castells ◽  
Raquel Cervigón
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fuzzy Entropy ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Orthostatic intolerance syndrome occurs when the autonomic nervous system is incapacitated and fails to respond to the demands associated with the upright position. Assessing this syndrome among the elderly population is important in order to prevent falls. However, this problem is still challenging. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between orthostatic intolerance (OI) and the cardiovascular response to exercise from the analysis of heart rate and blood pressure. More specifically, the behavior of these cardiovascular variables was evaluated in terms of refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCMFE), measured at different scales. The dataset was composed by 65 older subjects, 44.6% (n = 29) were OI symptomatic and 55.4% (n = 36) were not. Insignificant differences were found in age and gender between symptomatic and asymptomatic OI participants. When heart rate was evaluated, higher differences between groups were observed during the recovery period immediately after exercise. With respect to the blood pressure and other hemodynamic parameters, most significant results were obtained in the post-exercise stage. In any case, the symptomatic OI group exhibited higher irregularity in the measured parameters, as higher RCMFE levels in all time scales were obtained. This information could be very helpful for a better understanding of cardiovascular instability, as well as to recognize risk factors for falls and impairment of functional status.

Contribution of vasopressin to the maintenance of blood pressure during dehydration

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. F615-F621 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Woods ◽  
C. I. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Long Evans

Normal Long-Evans rats, when dehydrated for up to 72 h, have a progressive rise in plasma vasopressin that is associated with a fall in body weight and urine volume, a rise in plasma and urine osmolality, and the maintenance of normal systolic blood pressure. In contrast, Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats, genetically deficient in vasopressin, when dehydrated to achieve an equivalent body weight loss, have a significant 15 mmHg fall in systolic blood pressure. Even when fluid balance is corrected in the Brattleboro rats by the continuous administration of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, a synthetic vasopressin analogue with potent antidiuretic properties but minimal pressor activity, blood pressure still falls when the animals are dehydrated. In contrast, Brattleboro rats infused with exogenous arginine vasopressin to produce a plasma vasopressin level of 18.9 +/- 3.5 pg X ml-1 are able to maintain normal blood pressure during 48 h of dehydration. This level of vasopressin is comparable to the level found endogenously in dehydrated Long-Evans rats and is nonpressor in normal rats. These results suggest that both the antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor properties of vasopressin are important in the cardiovascular response to dehydration.

scholarly journals Pulsed Wave Doppler Ultrasound Is Useful to Assess Vasomotor Response in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy and Well Correlated with Tilt Table Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Vin Chang ◽  
Wen-Shiang Chen ◽  
Ruey-Meei Wu ◽  
Ssu-Yuan Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Yu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Vasomotor Response ◽  
Tilt Table ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler ◽  
Head Up Tilt

The study aim was to assess sympathetic vasomotor response (SVR) by using pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and correlate with the tilt table study. We recruited 18 male patients and 10 healthy men as controls. The SVR of the radial artery was evaluated by PWD, using inspiratory cough as a provocative maneuver. The response to head-up tilt was studied by a tilt table with simultaneous heart rate and blood pressure recording. The hemodynamic variables were compared between groups, and were examined by correlation analysis. Regarding SVR, MSA patients exhibited a prolonged latency and less heart rate acceleration following inspiratory cough. Compared with the tilt table test, the elevation of heart rate upon SVR was positively correlated to the increase of heart rate after head-up tilt. The correlation analysis indicated that the magnitude of blood pressure drop from supine to upright was positively associated with the SVR latency but negatively correlated with the heart rate changes upon SVR. The present study demonstrated that blunted heart rate response might explain MSA's vulnerability to postural challenge. PWD may be used to predict cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress upon head-up tilt in MSA patients.

Electrical stimulation of cervical vagal afferents. II. Central relays for behavioral antinociception and arterial blood pressure decreases

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Randich ◽  
K. Ren ◽  
G. F. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Threshold Intensity ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Supraspinal substrates mediating vagal afferent stimulation (VAS)-induced inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick reflex were examined by the use of the soma-selective neurotoxin ibotenic acid and the nonselective local anesthetic lidocaine. Fifty rats were studied in the lightly anesthetized state maintained with pentobarbital sodium. 2. The threshold intensity of VAS required to inhibit the tail-flick reflex to a cut-off latency of 10 s was established in all rats. Ibotenic acid (5 or 10 micrograms, 0.5 microliter) or lidocaine (4%, 0.5 microliter) was then microinjected into various regions of the brain stem followed by reestablishment of the intensity of VAS required to produce inhibition of the tail-flick reflex. 3. Microinjections of ibotenic acid into the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), medial rostroventral medulla (principally the nucleus raphe magnus; NRM), or bilaterally into the dorsolateral pons (principally the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus; LC/SC), significantly increased the threshold intensity of VAS required to inhibit the tail-flick reflex. Microinjections of ibotenic acid into either the rostral or caudal ventrolateral medulla (RVLM or CVLM, respectively) ipsilateral to the vagus nerve stimulated or ipsilateral LC/SC did not significantly affect the inhibition produced by VAS. Arterial blood pressure decreases produced by VAS were significantly attenuated or eliminated after microinjections of ibotenic acid into the NTS, RVLM, CVLM, or NRM. Lidocaine microinjected into the ipsilateral CVLM also significantly increased the intensity of VAS required to inhibit the tail-flick reflex. 4. These outcomes obtained with behavioral measures are consistent with the outcomes of the preceding study using electrophysiological measures in establishing that cells in the NTS, LC/SC, and NRM regions and fibers of passage in the CVLM are important in mediating the inhibitory effects of VAS. The present studies confirm previous reports of the importance of the RVLM and CVLM in VAS-produced depressor responses but also demonstrate that the NRM is critical for this cardiovascular response.

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