A Study of the Semantic Memory Access by Perceptual Modalities with a Semantic Priming Experiment

1996 ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Martine Cornuejols
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Perceptual Modalities

Effect of Generating a Semantic Prime

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Amy Hasselkus ◽  
Scott S. Rubin ◽  
Marilyn Newhoff
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Word Pair ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Generation Effect ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Young Subjects

Studies of both semantic priming and the generation effect (GE) have implicated spreading activation in semantic memory and have provided evidence for a semantic memory access disorder in patients with dementia. Fifteen subjects consisting of young, elderly, and demented patients participated in a semantic priming/GE task to determine whether the act of generating a semantic prime enhanced activation and reduced reaction times to related items. Reaction times were recorded for semantically related and unrelated targets presented after either read or generated word pair cues. From the results it was suggested that generating a prime provided little benefit for young subjects or subjects with dementia; elderly subjects benefited more from generating information than from reading it. Implications for theories of dementia and normal aging are discussed.

scholarly journals Semantic Dementia Shows both Storage and Access Disorders of Semantic Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Takahashi ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Masahiro Nakatsuka ◽  
Mari Kasai ◽  
Kyoko Akanuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Storage Disorder ◽  
Storage Disorders

Objective. Previous studies have shown that some patients with semantic dementia (SD) have memory storage disorders, while others have access disorders. Here, we report three SD cases with both disorders.Methods. Ten pictures and ten words were prepared as visual stimuli to determine if the patients could correctly answer names and select pictures after hearing the names of items (Card Presentation Task, assessing memory storage disorder). In a second task, the viewing time was set at 20 or 300 msec (Momentary Presentation Task, evaluating memory access disorder) using items for which correct answers were given in the first task. The results were compared with those for 6 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Results. The SD patients had lower scores than the AD group for both tasks, suggesting both storage and access disorders. The AD group had almost perfect scores on the Card Presentation Task but showed impairment on the Momentary Presentation Task, although to a lesser extent than the SD cases.Conclusions. These results suggest that SD patients have both storage and access disorders and have more severe access disorder than patients with AD.

Determinants of Visual Search Performance: Age and Practice Effects

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 912-916
Author(s):  
W. A. Rogers ◽  
A. D. Fisk ◽  
C. Hertzog
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
General Ability

In the present experiment, ability-performance relationships were used to assess changes in task requirements across practice. A variety of cognitive and speed ability measures were administered to each subject to measure the following factors: general, fluid, and crystallized intelligence; working memory; perceptual speed; semantic memory access speed; and psychomotor speed. Subsequently, ability-performance relationships were investigated across extensive practice on consistently mapped (CM) and variably mapped (VM) versions of a semantic category visual search task for young (17–30) and old (66–80) adults. The ability-performance relationships revealed similar patterns across CM and VM practice for both age groups. Namely, initial performance was predicted by general ability and semantic memory access, whereas later performance was predicted by perceptual speed. Thus although the mean data suggested that only the young adults had developed an automatic attention response in the CM condition, the locus of the differences between CM and VM or between age groups could not be localized through the ability-performance relationships. Only through a transfer manipulation designed to assess the automaticity of the response in the CM condition did we observe strikingly different ability-performance relationships for the young adults relative to the old adults.

Semantic Memory Disorders in Alzheimers Disease: Clues from Semantic Priming Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicte Giffard ◽  
Beatrice Desgranges ◽  
Francis Eustache
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Alzheimers Disease ◽  
Priming Effects

Are word meanings corresponding to different grammatical categories organised differently within lexical semantic memory?

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-275
Author(s):  
Joanne Arciuli ◽  
Linda Cupples ◽  
Gabriella Vigliocco
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Category Word ◽  
Memory Experiment

We report on two experiments that examined lexical semantic memory. Experiment 1 included semantically related word-pairs (similarity of meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from three grammatical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives). Experiment 2 included semantically related word-pairs (contrasting meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from the same three categories. Results of both experiments showed similar levels of semantic priming across same versus different grammatical category word-pairs (e.g., verb–verb pairs vs. verb–adjective pairs). Additional analyses of each experiment showed similar levels of priming within each of the three grammatical categories (i.e., noun–noun vs. verb–verb vs. adjective–adjective pairs). These findings suggest that there are no sharp architectural distinctions amongst words from different grammatical categories within lexical semantic memory.

Semantic priming of person recognition: Categorial priming may be a weaker form of the associative priming effect

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Carson ◽  
A. Mike Burton
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Associative Priming ◽  
Person Recognition ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Interactive Activation

An interactive activation and competition account (Burton, Bruce, & Johnston, 1990) of the semantic priming effect in person recognition studies relies on the fact that primes and targets (people) have semantic information in common. However, recent investigations into the type of relationship needed to mediate the semantic priming effect have suggested that the prime and target must be close associates (e.g., Barry, Johnston, & Scanlan, 1998; Young, Flude, Hellawell, & Ellis, 1994). A review of these and similar papers suggests the possibility of a small but non-reliable effect based purely on categorial relationships. Experiment 1 provided evidence that when participants were asked to make a name familiarity decision it was possible to boost this small categorial effect when multiple (four) primes were presented prior to the target name. Results from Experiment 2 indicated that the categorial effect was not due to the particular presentation times of the primes. This boosted categorial effect was shown to cross domains (names to faces) in Experiment 3 and persist in Experiment 4 when the task involved naming the target face. The similarity of the pattern of results produced by the associative priming effect and this boosted categorial effect suggests that the two may be due to the same underlying mechanism in semantic memory.

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