T cells following genome editing and transformation might be detectable in peripheral blood and tumor tissues for a long time, even more than a year. The types and diversity of T-cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissues changed following transfusion of genetically modified T-cells, and some highly suspected T-cells targeting cancer cells grew, increasing the proportion of such cells. Moreover, after getting genetically engineered T cells, anticancer cytokine secretion increased. T cells changed by gene editing have certain functions, at least from an immunological standpoint. The first clinical research using the CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing method for cancer resistance is more complicated: Using CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing technology to concurrently knock out, amplify, activate and reinfuse three genes in human immune cells. This therapeutic strategy is more demanding, because the changed immune cells have a wider target scope. The data suggest that the efficacy of gene editing in immune cells was 15–45%, and the modified cells could survive long in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of patients. After three or four months, some T-cells became central T-cells. These encouraging findings pave the way for future experimental cancer research utilizing CRISPR technology.
Genetically Engineered T-Cells for Malignant Glioma: Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Immunotherapy